Center for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Biomark Med. 2013 Jun;7(3):333-47. doi: 10.2217/bmm.13.57.
Point-of-care tests (POCTs) play an important role in bridging the gap between centralized laboratory diagnostics and peripheral healthcare service providers. Particularly in infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and TB where early detection is imperative to improve disease outcome, uptake of an accurate test that is simple, rapid and robust can significantly alter the epidemiology and control of the disease. However, a good POCT can only serve its full potential when adopted in a comprehensive programmatic context linking patients to on-site case management. Immunochromatographic lateral flow devices for detection of antibody or antigen currently dominate available POCTs, and development of such devices has relied on the discovery and optimization of definitive biomarkers suitable for such platforms. In the future, however, there will be an increasing need to develop cost-effective POCTs that address biomarkers that are well established in laboratory settings but are not currently amenable to point-of-care, such as molecular tests for drug resistance in TB and viral load in HIV and viral hepatitis.
即时检测（POCT）在弥合集中化实验室诊断与周边医疗保健服务提供者之间的差距方面发挥着重要作用。特别是在艾滋病病毒/艾滋病和结核病等传染病中，早期检测对于改善疾病结局至关重要，因此采用简单、快速和稳健的准确检测可以显著改变疾病的流行病学和控制情况。然而，只有在将患者与现场病例管理联系起来的全面方案性背景下采用良好的 POCT，它才能充分发挥其潜力。用于检测抗体或抗原的免疫层析侧向流动设备目前主导着现有的 POCT，而这些设备的开发依赖于发现和优化适合此类平台的明确生物标志物。然而，未来将越来越需要开发具有成本效益的 POCT，以解决在实验室环境中已经确立但目前不适用于即时检测的生物标志物，例如结核病耐药性的分子检测和艾滋病病毒和病毒性肝炎的病毒载量。
