Veteran Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University, 50 Irwing Street NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013 Aug;15(4):321-30. doi: 10.1007/s11906-013-0359-y.
Life expectancy is longer in women compared to men, and cardiovascular events occur at a lower rate and at a later age in females than males. The impact of gender on the prevalence, the presentation, and the long-term outcome of cardiovascular disease has long been a topic of active research. Gender differences have been found in several studies but opposite findings also exist. The impact of gender in hypertension and antihypertensive therapy remains poorly clarified. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension exhibit some differences between the two sexes, which are age-dependent. The female advantage in the cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients might be attenuated by comorbidities and target organ damage. Another aspect of major clinical importance is whether gender differences exist on the effects of antihypertensive agents in blood pressure reduction and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate recent data regarding gender differences in hypertension and incorporate new data into the body of existing knowledge.
与男性相比，女性的预期寿命更长，女性心血管事件的发生率较低，发生年龄也较晚。性别对心血管疾病的患病率、表现和长期预后的影响一直是活跃的研究课题。在几项研究中发现了性别差异，但也存在相反的发现。性别对高血压和降压治疗的影响仍未得到充分阐明。高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率在两性之间存在一些差异，这些差异与年龄有关。高血压患者的心血管风险中的女性优势可能会被合并症和靶器官损害所减弱。另一个具有重要临床意义的方面是，降压药物在降低血压和减少心血管发病率和死亡率方面的效果是否存在性别差异。本综述的目的是批判性地评估高血压中性别差异的最新数据，并将新数据纳入现有知识体系。
