Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013 Jun;14(6):392-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.022.
Frailty is a clinical state in which there is an increase in an individual's vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or mortality when exposed to a stressor. Frailty can occur as the result of a range of diseases and medical conditions. A consensus group consisting of delegates from 6 major international, European, and US societies created 4 major consensus points on a specific form of frailty: physical frailty. 1. Physical frailty is an important medical syndrome. The group defined physical frailty as "a medical syndrome with multiple causes and contributors that is characterized by diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that increases an individual's vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or death." 2. Physical frailty can potentially be prevented or treated with specific modalities, such as exercise, protein-calorie supplementation, vitamin D, and reduction of polypharmacy. 3. Simple, rapid screening tests have been developed and validated, such as the simple FRAIL scale, to allow physicians to objectively recognize frail persons. 4. For the purposes of optimally managing individuals with physical frailty, all persons older than 70 years and all individuals with significant weight loss (>5%) due to chronic disease should be screened for frailty.
衰弱是一种临床状态，个体在面临压力时易发生依赖性增加和/或死亡率增加。衰弱可由多种疾病和医疗状况引起。一个由来自 6 个主要国际、欧洲和美国学会的代表组成的共识小组就特定形式的衰弱（即身体衰弱）达成了 4 个主要共识点。1. 身体衰弱是一种重要的医学综合征。该小组将身体衰弱定义为“一种具有多种病因和促成因素的医学综合征，其特征是力量、耐力和生理功能下降，使个体易发生依赖性增加和/或死亡”。2. 身体衰弱可以通过特定的方法来预防或治疗，如运动、蛋白质-热量补充、维生素 D 和减少多药治疗。3. 已经开发和验证了简单、快速的筛查测试，例如简单的 FRAIL 量表，以帮助医生客观地识别衰弱患者。4. 为了优化管理身体衰弱的个体，所有 70 岁以上的人以及因慢性疾病导致体重减轻（>5%）的所有人都应进行衰弱筛查。
