ARO Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Station for Collaborative Research 1, 4 F, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2013 Oct;9(5):586-98. doi: 10.1007/s12015-013-9450-7.
Assembly of complex vascular networks occurs in numerous biological systems through morphogenetic processes such as vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any cell type, including endothelial cells (ECs), and have been extensively used as in vitro models to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying EC generation and differentiation. The emergence of these promising new approaches suggests that ECs could be used in clinical therapy. Much evidence suggests that ES/iPS cell differentiation into ECs in vitro mimics the in vivo vascular morphogenic process. Through sequential steps of maturation, ECs derived from ES/iPS cells can be further differentiated into arterial, venous, capillary and lymphatic ECs, as well as smooth muscle cells. Here, we review EC development from ES/iPS cells with special attention to molecular pathways functioning in EC specification.
在许多生物系统中，通过血管发生、血管生成和血管重塑等形态发生过程，复杂的血管网络会组装起来。多能干细胞，如胚胎干细胞（ES）和诱导多能干细胞（iPS），可以分化为任何细胞类型，包括内皮细胞（ECs），并被广泛用作体外模型来分析 EC 生成和分化的分子机制。这些有前途的新方法的出现表明，EC 可以用于临床治疗。有大量证据表明，ES/iPS 细胞在体外分化为 EC 可模拟体内血管形态发生过程。通过连续的成熟步骤，源自 ES/iPS 细胞的 EC 可进一步分化为动脉、静脉、毛细血管和淋巴管 EC，以及平滑肌细胞。在这里，我们重点讨论了在 EC 特化中起作用的分子途径，回顾了从 ES/iPS 细胞发育而来的 EC。
