Kausel Leonie, Boneberger Anja, Calvo Mario, Radon Katja
Biochemistry Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 May 23;2013:937935. doi: 10.1155/2013/937935. Print 2013.
While rural living protects from asthma and allergies in many countries, results are conflicting in Latin America. We studied the prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in children from urban, semiurban, and rural sectors in south Chile. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in semiurban and rural sectors in the province of Valdivia (n = 559) using the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. Results were compared to prevalence in urban Valdivia (n = 3105) by using data from ISAAC III study. Odds ratios (+95% confidence intervals) were calculated. No statistical significant differences were found for asthma ever and eczema symptoms stratified by residential sector, but a gradient could be shown for current asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms with urban living having highest and rural living having lowest prevalence. Rural living was inversely associated in a statistical significant way with current asthma (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.7) in logistic regression analyses. Rural living seems to protect from asthma and respiratory allergies also in Chile, a South American country facing epidemiological transition. These data would be improved by clinical studies of allergic symptoms observed in studied sectors.
在许多国家，乡村生活有助于预防哮喘和过敏，但在拉丁美洲，结果却相互矛盾。我们研究了智利南部城市、半城市和农村地区儿童哮喘及哮喘症状的患病率。采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷，在瓦尔迪维亚省的半城市和农村地区开展了一项横断面问卷调查研究（n = 559）。利用ISAAC III研究的数据，将结果与瓦尔迪维亚市的患病率（n = 3105）进行比较。计算比值比（+95%置信区间）。按居住区域分层，既往哮喘和湿疹症状未发现统计学显著差异，但当前哮喘和鼻结膜炎症状呈现梯度变化，城市患病率最高，农村患病率最低。在逻辑回归分析中，乡村生活与当前哮喘（比值比：0.4；95%置信区间：0.2 - 0.9）和鼻结膜炎症状（比值比：0.3；95%置信区间：0.2 - 0.7）呈显著负相关。在面临流行病学转变的南美国家智利，乡村生活似乎也能预防哮喘和呼吸道过敏。通过对研究区域观察到的过敏症状进行临床研究，这些数据将得到完善。
