National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013 Sep;24(9):2235-46. doi: 10.1007/s10856-013-4976-4. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
Porous titanium with appropriate surface treatments can be osteoinductive. To investigate the effect of surface treatments of porous titanium on the attachment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), two kinds of surface microstructured porous titaniums, H₂O₂/TaCl₅ treated one (HTPT), and H₂O₂/TaCl₅ and subsequent simulated body fluid (SBF) treated one (STPT) were fabricated, and non-treated one (NTPT) was used as control. The morphology, specific surface area (SSA), pore distribution and mechanical strength of these materials were characterized respectively, and the results showed that H₂O₂/TaCl₅ treatment led to a significant increase in both SSA and micropores of HTPT, and the further SBF immersion resulted in the formation of a layer of bone-like apatite on the surface of STPT. Although the surface treatments had a little negative impact on the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of porous titanium, the mechanical strength of HTPT or STPT was enough for the bone defect repair of the load-bearing sites. The protein adsorption and cell adhesion experiments confirmed that the microstructured surface notably enhanced porous titanium's protein binding capacity and promoted MSCs adhesion on the surface. More importantly, cell differentiation experiments proved that the microstructured surface evidently elevated the osteoblastic gene expressions of MSCs compared to NTPT. The enhanced biological effect by the surface treatments was more robust on STPT. Therefore, our results suggest that the microstructured surface has great potential for promoting MSCs differentiation towards osteoblasts, giving excellent support for the osteoinduction of porous titanium with appropriate surface treatments.
具有合适表面处理的多孔钛具有成骨性。为了研究多孔钛表面处理对间充质干细胞（MSCs）黏附与分化的影响，制备了两种表面微观结构多孔钛，经双氧水处理和五氯化钽处理的（HTPT）和经双氧水处理和随后模拟体液（SBF）处理的（STPT），并以未经处理的（NTPT）作为对照。分别对这些材料的形貌、比表面积（SSA）、孔径分布和力学性能进行了表征，结果表明，双氧水处理和五氯化钽处理显著提高了 HTPT 的 SSA 和微孔，进一步的 SBF 浸泡导致 STPT 表面形成了一层类骨磷灰石。尽管表面处理对多孔钛的抗压强度和弹性模量有一定的负面影响，但 HTPT 或 STPT 的力学强度足以满足承载部位骨缺损修复的需要。蛋白质吸附和细胞黏附实验证实，微观结构表面显著提高了多孔钛的蛋白质结合能力，并促进了 MSCs 在表面的黏附。更重要的是，细胞分化实验证明，与 NTPT 相比，微观结构表面显著提高了 MSCs 的成骨基因表达。表面处理的增强生物学效应在 STPT 上更为显著。因此，我们的结果表明，微观结构表面具有促进 MSCs 向成骨细胞分化的巨大潜力，为具有合适表面处理的多孔钛的成骨性提供了极好的支持。
