Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam.
Psychol Sci. 2013 Aug;24(8):1533-40. doi: 10.1177/0956797613475457. Epub 2013 Jun 18.
Although previous theories and research have suggested that human behavior is automatically driven by selfish impulses (e.g., vengeance rather than forgiveness), the present research tested the hypothesis that in close relationships, people's impulsive inclination is to be prosocial and to sacrifice for their partner-to pursue the interests of the partner or of the relationship at some costs for the self. Results from four studies demonstrated that people with low self-control, relative to those with high self-control, reported greater willingness to sacrifice for their close others. Furthermore, Study 4 demonstrated that communal orientation was more strongly associated with sacrifice among participants with low self-control than participants with high self-control. This moderational pattern supports the hypothesis that communal orientation functions as a default approach to sacrifice in the context of close relationships. Taken together, these findings suggest that under certain crucial conditions in close relationships, gut-level impulses are more likely than deliberative considerations to promote prorelationship behavior.
虽然先前的理论和研究表明，人类行为是自动由自私冲动驱动的（例如，复仇而不是宽恕），但本研究检验了一个假设，即在亲密关系中，人们的冲动倾向是亲社会的，愿意为伴侣牺牲——为了伴侣或关系的利益而自我牺牲。四项研究的结果表明，相对于自我控制能力高的人，自我控制能力低的人更愿意为亲密的人做出牺牲。此外，研究 4 表明，在自我控制能力低的参与者中，集体取向与牺牲的关系比在自我控制能力高的参与者中更为密切。这种调节模式支持这样一种假设，即集体取向在亲密关系的背景下是一种默认的牺牲方式。总之，这些发现表明，在亲密关系中的某些关键条件下，本能冲动比深思熟虑更有可能促进亲关系行为。
