San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
Prev Med. 2013 Nov;57(5):456-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.014. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
The present study examined correlates of bicycle ownership and bicycling frequency, and projected increases in cycling if perceived safety from cars was improved.
Participants were 1780 adults aged 20-65 recruited from the Seattle, Washington and Baltimore, Maryland regions (48% female; 25% ethnic/racial minority) and studied in 2002-2005. Bicycling outcomes were assessed by survey. Multivariable models were conducted to examine demographic and built environment correlates of bicycling outcomes.
About 71% of the sample owned bicycles, but 60% of those did not report cycling. Among bicycle owners, frequency of riding was greater among young, male, White, educated, and lean subgroups. Neighborhood walkability measures within 1 km were not consistently related to bicycling. For the whole sample, bicycling at least once per week was projected to increase from 9% to 39% if bicycling was safe from cars. Ethnic-racial minority groups and those in the least safe neighborhoods for bicycling had greater projected increases in cycling if safety from traffic was improved.
Implementing measures to improve bicyclists' safety from cars would primarily benefit racial-ethnic groups who cycle less but have higher rates of chronic diseases, as well as those who currently feel least safe bicycling.
本研究旨在探讨自行车拥有率和骑行频率的相关因素，并预测如果汽车行驶安全感知得到改善，自行车骑行量将会增加。
本研究选取了 2002 年至 2005 年期间来自华盛顿州西雅图和马里兰州巴尔的摩地区的 1780 名 20-65 岁成年人作为研究对象（48%为女性；25%为少数民族/种族）。通过问卷调查评估了自行车骑行结果。采用多变量模型分析了人口统计学和建成环境因素与自行车骑行结果的相关性。
样本中约有 71%的人拥有自行车，但其中 60%的人并未报告骑行。在自行车拥有者中，年轻、男性、白人、受过教育和体型偏瘦的人群骑行频率更高。1 公里范围内的社区步行便利性指标与骑行频率之间并没有一致的关系。对于整个样本，如果骑车从汽车中感到安全，每周至少骑行一次的比例预计将从 9%增加到 39%。如果改善交通安全性，少数民族和在骑车最不安全的社区的人群的骑行量预计会有更大的增长。
实施改善自行车骑行者汽车行驶安全的措施，将主要使骑车较少但慢性病发病率较高的种族和民族群体以及目前感到骑车最不安全的人群受益。
