Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Prev Med. 2010 Jan;50 Suppl 1:S106-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028. Epub 2009 Sep 16.
To assess existing research on the effects of various interventions on levels of bicycling. Interventions include infrastructure (e.g., bike lanes and parking), integration with public transport, education and marketing programs, bicycle access programs, and legal issues.
A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and non-reviewed research identified 139 studies. Study methodologies varied considerably in type and quality, with few meeting rigorous standards. Secondary data were gathered for 14 case study cities that adopted multiple interventions.
Many studies show positive associations between specific interventions and levels of bicycling. The 14 case studies show that almost all cities adopting comprehensive packages of interventions experienced large increases in the number of bicycle trips and share of people bicycling.
Most of the evidence examined in this review supports the crucial role of public policy in encouraging bicycling. Substantial increases in bicycling require an integrated package of many different, complementary interventions, including infrastructure provision and pro-bicycle programs, supportive land use planning, and restrictions on car use.
评估各种干预措施对自行车骑行水平的影响的现有研究。干预措施包括基础设施（如自行车道和停车场）、与公共交通的整合、教育和营销计划、自行车通行计划以及法律问题。
全面搜索同行评议和非评议研究，确定了 139 项研究。研究方法在类型和质量上差异很大，很少有符合严格标准的。为采用多种干预措施的 14 个案例研究城市收集了二次数据。
许多研究表明，特定干预措施与自行车骑行水平之间存在正相关关系。这 14 个案例研究表明，几乎所有采用综合干预措施包的城市都经历了自行车出行次数和骑自行车人数的大幅增加。
本综述中检查的大多数证据都支持公共政策在鼓励骑自行车方面的关键作用。自行车骑行的大幅增加需要一整套不同的、互补的干预措施，包括基础设施的提供和支持自行车的项目、支持性的土地利用规划以及对汽车使用的限制。
