Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Sep 15;260:238-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.012. Epub 2013 May 16.
A huge amount of kernel cake, which contains a variety of toxins including phorbol esters (tumor promoters), is projected to be generated yearly in the near future by the Jatropha biodiesel industry. We showed that the kernel cake strongly inhibited plant seed germination and root growth and was highly toxic to carp fingerlings, even though phorbol esters were undetectable by HPLC. Therefore it must be detoxified before disposal to the environment. A mathematic model was established to estimate the general toxicity of the kernel cake by determining the survival time of carp fingerling. A new strain (Streptomyces fimicarius YUCM 310038) capable of degrading the total toxicity by more than 97% in a 9-day solid state fermentation was screened out from 578 strains including 198 known strains and 380 strains isolated from air and soil. The kernel cake fermented by YUCM 310038 was nontoxic to plants and carp fingerlings and significantly promoted tobacco plant growth, indicating its potential to transform the toxic kernel cake to bio-safe animal feed or organic fertilizer to remove the environmental concern and to reduce the cost of the Jatropha biodiesel industry. Microbial strain profile essential for the kernel cake detoxification was discussed.
在不久的将来，麻疯树生物柴油产业预计每年将产生大量的麻疯树仁饼，其中含有包括佛波酯（肿瘤促进剂）在内的多种毒素。我们发现，尽管麻疯树仁饼中的佛波酯用 HPLC 无法检测到，但它强烈抑制植物种子的萌发和根的生长，对鲤鱼鱼苗也具有高毒性。因此，在将其排放到环境中之前，必须对其进行解毒。我们建立了一个数学模型，通过测定鲤鱼鱼苗的存活时间来估算麻疯树仁饼的一般毒性。从 578 株菌株中筛选出一株能够在 9 天固态发酵中使总毒性降低 97%以上的新菌株（解淀粉芽孢杆菌 YUCM 310038），这些菌株包括 198 株已知菌株和 380 株从空气和土壤中分离得到的菌株。经过 YUCM 310038 发酵的麻疯树仁饼对植物和鲤鱼鱼苗无毒，并且显著促进了烟草植物的生长，表明其有潜力将有毒的麻疯树仁饼转化为生物安全的动物饲料或有机肥料，以消除环境隐患并降低麻疯树生物柴油产业的成本。讨论了用于麻疯树仁饼解毒的微生物菌株特征。
