The Physiological Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;67(8):789-96. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.116. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Very-low-carbohydrate diets or ketogenic diets have been in use since the 1920s as a therapy for epilepsy and can, in some cases, completely remove the need for medication. From the 1960s onwards they have become widely known as one of the most common methods for obesity treatment. Recent work over the last decade or so has provided evidence of the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets in many pathological conditions, such as diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, acne, neurological diseases, cancer and the amelioration of respiratory and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The possibility that modifying food intake can be useful for reducing or eliminating pharmaceutical methods of treatment, which are often lifelong with significant side effects, calls for serious investigation. This review revisits the meaning of physiological ketosis in the light of this evidence and considers possible mechanisms for the therapeutic actions of the ketogenic diet on different diseases. The present review also questions whether there are still some preconceived ideas about ketogenic diets, which may be presenting unnecessary barriers to their use as therapeutic tools in the physician's hand.
低碳水化合物饮食或生酮饮食自 20 世纪 20 年代以来一直被用作癫痫的治疗方法，在某些情况下可以完全消除对药物的需求。从 20 世纪 60 年代开始，它们作为治疗肥胖症最常见的方法之一而广为人知。在过去十年左右的时间里，最近的研究为生酮饮食在许多病理情况下的治疗潜力提供了证据，如糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征、痤疮、神经疾病、癌症以及改善呼吸和心血管疾病的风险因素。通过改变饮食摄入来减少或消除药物治疗的可能性，而药物治疗往往是终身的，且有明显的副作用，这需要认真研究。本综述根据这一证据重新审视了生理性酮症的含义，并考虑了生酮饮食对不同疾病的治疗作用的可能机制。本综述还质疑是否仍然存在一些关于生酮饮食的先入之见，这些观念可能会给它们作为治疗工具在医生手中的应用带来不必要的障碍。
