Yale School of Public Health and Yale Cancer Center, 60 College St., P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Nov 15;539(2):163-70. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jun 30.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a non-invasive method that has been developed to assess carotenoid status in human tissues including human skin in vivo. Skin carotenoid status has been suggested as a promising biomarker for human studies. This manuscript describes research done relevant to the development of this biomarker, including its reproducibility, validity, feasibility for use in field settings, and factors that affect the biomarker such as diet, smoking, and adiposity. Recent studies have evaluated the response of the biomarker to controlled carotenoid interventions, both supplement-based and dietary [e.g., provision of a high-carotenoid fruit and vegetable (F/V)-enriched diet], demonstrating consistent response to intervention. The totality of evidence supports the use of skin carotenoid status as an objective biomarker of F/V intake, although in the cross-sectional setting, diet explains only some of the variation in this biomarker. However, this limitation is also a strength in that skin carotenoids may effectively serve as an integrated biomarker of health, with higher status reflecting greater F/V intake, lack of smoking, and lack of adiposity. Thus, this biomarker holds promise as both a health biomarker and an objective indicator of F/V intake, supporting its further development and utilization for medical and public health purposes.
共振拉曼光谱（RRS）是一种非侵入性方法，已被开发用于评估包括人体皮肤在内的人体组织中的类胡萝卜素状态。皮肤类胡萝卜素状态已被认为是人类研究中很有前途的生物标志物。本文描述了与该生物标志物开发相关的研究，包括其可重复性、有效性、在现场环境中的可行性以及影响该生物标志物的因素，如饮食、吸烟和肥胖。最近的研究评估了该生物标志物对基于补充剂和饮食的（例如，提供富含类胡萝卜素的水果和蔬菜的饮食）的控制类胡萝卜素干预的反应，结果一致表明对干预有反应。总的证据支持将皮肤类胡萝卜素状态作为 F/V 摄入量的客观生物标志物，尽管在横断面研究中，饮食仅能解释该生物标志物的部分变化。然而，这一局限性也是一个优势，因为皮肤类胡萝卜素可以有效地作为健康的综合生物标志物，其状态越高，反映出 F/V 摄入量越大、不吸烟和肥胖程度越低。因此，该生物标志物有望成为健康生物标志物和 F/V 摄入量的客观指标，支持其进一步开发和用于医疗和公共卫生目的。
