Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2013;31(13):1468-74. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.796066. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
We investigated the musculoskeletal health profile of elite female football players (ET) in comparison to untrained (UT) young women subjected to 16 weeks of football training (2 × 1 h per week). DXA scans, blood sampling, sprint testing and Flamingo postural balance testing were carried out for 27 Danish national team players and 28 untrained women, with eight women being tested after training. At baseline total BMD and BMC were 13% (1.305 ± 0.050 versus 1.159 ± 0.056 g · cm(-2)) and 23% (3047 ± 235 versus 2477 ± 526 g) higher (P <0.001) and leg BMD and BMC were 24 and 28% higher (P <0.01) in ET than in UT. Resting plasma osteocalcin was 45% higher in ET than in UT (28.8 ± 10.9 versus 19.9 ± 9.9 µg · L(-1), P <0.05). Total lean body mass was 14% higher (50.4 ± 3.3 versus 44.3 ± 4.0 kg) in ET compared with UT, with no difference in total body mass. The number of Flamingo test falls was 56-63% less (P <0.01) and 30 m sprinting speed was 31% faster (P <0.001) in ET than UT. After 16 weeks of football training for UT, lean body mass increased by 1.4 ± 0.5 kg and the number of left leg falls decreased by 29% (P <0.05). No significant changes occurred in BMD or BMC, but plasma osteocalcin increased (P <0.05) by 37%. In summary, elite women footballers have an impressive musculoskeletal health profile compared with untrained controls, but short-term football training seems to reduce the risk of falls and increase bone formation.
我们研究了精英女子足球运动员（ET）与未经训练的年轻女性（UT）的肌肉骨骼健康状况，这些女性接受了 16 周的足球训练（每周 2 次，每次 1 小时）。我们对 27 名丹麦国家队球员和 28 名未经训练的女性进行了 DXA 扫描、血液采样、冲刺测试和 Flamingo 姿势平衡测试，其中 8 名女性在训练后接受了测试。在基线时，总骨密度和 BMC 分别高出 13%（1.305±0.050 与 1.159±0.056 g·cm(-2))和 23%（3047±235 与 2477±526 g）（P<0.001），腿部骨密度和 BMC 分别高出 24%和 28%（P<0.01）。ET 中静息血浆骨钙素比 UT 高 45%（28.8±10.9 与 19.9±9.9 µg·L(-1)，P<0.05）。与 UT 相比，ET 的总瘦体重高 14%（50.4±3.3 与 44.3±4.0 kg），但总体重无差异。ET 的 Flamingo 测试跌倒次数减少 56-63%（P<0.01），30 m 冲刺速度快 31%（P<0.001）。在 UT 进行 16 周的足球训练后，瘦体重增加了 1.4±0.5 kg，左腿跌倒次数减少了 29%（P<0.05）。BMD 或 BMC 无显著变化，但血浆骨钙素增加（P<0.05）37%。总之，与未经训练的对照组相比，精英女子足球运动员具有令人印象深刻的肌肉骨骼健康状况，但短期足球训练似乎降低了跌倒风险并增加了骨形成。
