Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, , Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Thorax. 2013 Nov;68(11):1021-8. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203538. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
Cross-sectional reports have suggested that, among active smokers, previous exposure to parental smoking may increase susceptibility to development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We assessed prospectively whether parental smoking enhances the effects of active smoking on early deficits of lung function in young adults.
We used data from the prospective birth cohort, the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study. Maternal and paternal smoking was assessed via questionnaires completed by the parents at the time of the participant's birth. Active smoking by participants was assessed via personal questionnaires completed at ages 16 (YR16), 22 and 26 years. Four groups were generated based on the combination of parental and active smoking. Lung function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, were assessed by spirometry before and after inhalation of 180 μg of albuterol at YR11, YR16, YR22 and YR26.
Complete data were available for 519 participants. Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC values did not differ at YR11, YR16 or YR22 by parental or active smoking. However, at YR26 participants with exposure to parental and active smoking had pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC levels that were, on average, 2.8% (0.9% to 4.8%; p=0.003) lower than participants who were not exposed to parental or active smoking. In contrast, subjects who were only exposed to active smoking or only exposed to parental smoking did not differ from those who were not exposed to either. Between YR11 and YR26, participants with exposure to parental and active smoking had the steepest decline in sex, age and height adjusted residuals of FEV1/FVC, FEV1, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75) and FEF25-75/FVC (all p values between 0.03 and <0.001).
Parental and active smoking act synergistically to affect early lung function deficits in young adulthood.
横断面研究报告表明，在活跃吸烟者中，父母吸烟史可能会增加慢性阻塞性肺疾病的易感性。我们前瞻性评估了父母吸烟是否会增强活跃吸烟对年轻人早期肺功能下降的影响。
我们使用了前瞻性出生队列——图森儿童呼吸研究的数据。通过父母在参与者出生时填写的调查问卷来评估父母吸烟情况。通过参与者在 16 岁（YR16）、22 岁和 26 岁时填写的个人问卷来评估活跃吸烟情况。根据父母和活跃吸烟的组合，生成了四个组。在吸入 180μg 沙丁胺醇前后，通过肺活量测定法评估肺功能参数，包括 1 秒用力呼气量（FEV1）/用力肺活量（FVC）比值，在 YR11、YR16、YR22 和 YR26 时进行评估。
共有 519 名参与者提供了完整数据。在 YR11、YR16 或 YR22 时，父母或活跃吸烟并未导致预支气管扩张剂 FEV1/FVC 值不同。然而，在 YR26 时，暴露于父母和主动吸烟的参与者的预支气管扩张剂 FEV1/FVC 水平平均低 2.8%（0.9%至 4.8%；p=0.003），与未暴露于父母或主动吸烟的参与者相比。相比之下，仅暴露于主动吸烟或仅暴露于父母吸烟的参与者与未暴露于任何一种的参与者没有差异。在 YR11 到 YR26 期间，暴露于父母和主动吸烟的参与者的 FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC 之间 25%至 75%用力呼气流量（FEF25-75）和 FEF25-75/FVC 的性别、年龄和身高调整残差下降最快（所有 p 值均在 0.03 至 <0.001 之间）。
父母和主动吸烟协同作用，影响年轻人的早期肺功能下降。
