Urban Jillian E, Davenport Elizabeth M, Golman Adam J, Maldjian Joseph A, Whitlow Christopher T, Powers Alexander K, Stitzel Joel D
Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2013 Dec;41(12):2474-87. doi: 10.1007/s10439-013-0861-z. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Sports-related concussion is the most common athletic head injury with football having the highest rate among high school athletes. Traditionally, research on the biomechanics of football-related head impact has been focused at the collegiate level. Less research has been performed at the high school level, despite the incidence of concussion among high school football players. The objective of this study is to twofold: to quantify the head impact exposure in high school football, and to develop a cumulative impact analysis method. Head impact exposure was measured by instrumenting the helmets of 40 high school football players with helmet mounted accelerometer arrays to measure linear and rotational acceleration. A total of 16,502 head impacts were collected over the course of the season. Biomechanical data were analyzed by team and by player. The median impact for each player ranged from 15.2 to 27.0 g with an average value of 21.7 (±2.4) g. The 95th percentile impact for each player ranged from 38.8 to 72.9 g with an average value of 56.4 (±10.5) g. Next, an impact exposure metric utilizing concussion injury risk curves was created to quantify cumulative exposure for each participating player over the course of the season. Impacts were weighted according to the associated risk due to linear acceleration and rotational acceleration alone, as well as the combined probability (CP) of injury associated with both. These risks were summed over the course of a season to generate risk weighted cumulative exposure. The impact frequency was found to be greater during games compared to practices with an average number of impacts per session of 15.5 and 9.4, respectively. However, the median cumulative risk weighted exposure based on combined probability was found to be greater for practices vs. games. These data will provide a metric that may be used to better understand the cumulative effects of repetitive head impacts, injury mechanisms, and head impact exposure of athletes in football.
与运动相关的脑震荡是最常见的运动头部损伤，在高中运动员中，橄榄球运动导致脑震荡的发生率最高。传统上，与橄榄球相关的头部撞击生物力学研究主要集中在大学层面。尽管高中橄榄球运动员中有脑震荡的发生率，但在高中层面进行的研究较少。本研究的目的有两个：量化高中橄榄球运动中的头部撞击暴露情况，并开发一种累积撞击分析方法。通过在40名高中橄榄球运动员的头盔上安装加速度计阵列来测量线性和旋转加速度，以此来测量头部撞击暴露情况。在整个赛季中总共收集到16502次头部撞击。生物力学数据按球队和球员进行分析。每位球员的撞击中位数范围为15.2至27.0克，平均值为21.7（±2.4）克。每位球员的第95百分位数撞击范围为38.8至72.9克，平均值为56.4（±10.5）克。接下来，利用脑震荡损伤风险曲线创建了一个撞击暴露指标，以量化每个参赛球员在整个赛季中的累积暴露情况。撞击仅根据线性加速度和旋转加速度相关的风险以及两者相关的损伤联合概率（CP）进行加权。这些风险在一个赛季的过程中进行累加，以生成风险加权累积暴露。结果发现，与训练相比，比赛期间的撞击频率更高，每场训练和比赛的平均撞击次数分别为9.4次和15.5次。然而，基于联合概率的训练的累积风险加权暴露中位数高于比赛。这些数据将提供一个指标，可用于更好地理解重复性头部撞击的累积影响、损伤机制以及橄榄球运动员的头部撞击暴露情况。
