Pham Giang, Kohnert Kathryn
University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Child Dev. 2014 Mar-Apr;85(2):767-82. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12137. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
This longitudinal study modeled lexical development among children who spoke Vietnamese as a first language (L1) and English as a second language (L2). Participants (n = 33, initial mean age of 7.3 years) completed a total of eight tasks (four in each language) that measured vocabulary knowledge and lexical processing at four yearly time points. Multivariate hierarchical linear modeling was used to calculate L1 and L2 trajectories within the same model for each task. Main findings included (a) positive growth in each language, (b) greater gains in English resulting in shifts toward L2 dominance, and (c) different patterns for receptive and expressive domains. Timing of shifts to L2 dominance underscored L1 skills that are resilient and vulnerable to increases in L2 proficiency.
这项纵向研究对以越南语为第一语言（L1）、英语为第二语言（L2）的儿童的词汇发展进行了建模。参与者（n = 33，初始平均年龄为7.3岁）在四个年度时间点总共完成了八项任务（每种语言四项），这些任务测量了词汇知识和词汇处理能力。使用多变量分层线性模型来计算每个任务在同一模型中的L1和L2轨迹。主要发现包括：（a）每种语言都有正向增长；（b）英语的增长更大，导致向L2优势的转变；（c）接受性和表达性领域的模式不同。向L2优势转变的时间凸显了L1技能的韧性以及对L2熟练程度提高的脆弱性。
