Istre Gregory R, McCoy Mary A, Moore Billy J, Roper Carey, Stephens-Stidham Shelli, Barnard Jeffrey J, Carlin Debra K, Stowe Martha, Anderson Ron J
Injury Prevention Center of Greater Dallas, , Dallas, Texas, USA.
Inj Prev. 2014 Apr;20(2):97-102. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040823. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
Few studies have examined the impact of community-based smoke alarm (SA) distribution programmes on the occurrence of house fire-related deaths and injuries (HF-D/I).
To determine whether the rate of HF-D/I differed for programme houses that had a SA installed through a community-based programme called Operation Installation, versus non-programme houses in the same census tracts that had not received such a SA.
Teams of volunteers and firefighters canvassed houses in 36 high-risk target census tracts in Dallas, TX, between April 2001 and April 2011, and installed lithium-powered SAs in houses where residents were present and gave permission. We then followed incidence of HF-D/I among residents of the 8134 programme houses versus the 24 346 non-programme houses.
After a mean of 5.2 years of follow-up, the unadjusted HF-D/I rate was 68% lower among residents of programme houses versus non-programme houses (3.1 vs 9.6 per 100 000 population, respectively; rate ratio, 0.32; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.84). Multivariate analysis including several demographic variables showed that the adjusted HF-D/I rate in programme houses was 63% lower than non-programme houses. The programme was most effective in the first 5 years after SA installation, with declining difference in rates after the 6th year, probably due to SAs becoming non-functional during that time.
This collaborative, community-based SA installation programme was effective at preventing deaths and injuries from house fires, but the duration of effectiveness was less than 10 years.
很少有研究探讨基于社区的烟雾报警器（SA）分发计划对房屋火灾相关死亡和伤害（HF-D/I）发生率的影响。
确定通过名为“安装行动”的社区计划安装了SA的计划房屋与同一普查区中未收到此类SA的非计划房屋的HF-D/I发生率是否存在差异。
2001年4月至2011年4月期间，志愿者和消防员团队在得克萨斯州达拉斯的36个高风险目标普查区挨家挨户走访，在有居民在场并获得许可的房屋中安装了锂供电的SA。然后，我们跟踪了8134所计划房屋与24346所非计划房屋居民中的HF-D/I发生率。
经过平均5.2年的随访，计划房屋居民的未调整HF-D/I率比非计划房屋居民低68%（分别为每10万人中3.1例和9.6例；率比为0.32；95%CI为0.10至0.84）。包括几个人口统计学变量的多变量分析表明，计划房屋的调整后HF-D/I率比非计划房屋低63%。该计划在安装SA后的前5年最有效，第6年后发生率差异逐渐减小，可能是因为在此期间SA失去功能。
这个基于社区的合作SA安装计划在预防房屋火灾造成的死亡和伤害方面是有效的，但有效持续时间不到10年。
