Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Twinbrook II Facility, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, United States.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2013 Oct;25(5):532-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
Eukaryotic cells have the ability to sense chemoattractant gradients and to migrate toward the sources of attractants. The chemical gradient-guided cell movement is referred to as chemotaxis. Chemoattractants are detected by members of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that link to heterotrimeric G-proteins. The GPCR/G-protein sensing machinery is able to translate external chemoattractants fields into intercellular cues, which direct reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that drives cell movement. Here, I review our current understanding of the formation of chemoattractant gradients in vivo, the GPCR-mediated gradient sensing, and the sophisticated signaling network that guides the function of the actin cytoskeleton.
真核细胞具有感知趋化因子梯度并向吸引源迁移的能力。这种化学梯度引导的细胞运动被称为趋化性。趋化因子由 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 检测，这些受体与异三聚体 G 蛋白相连。GPCR/G 蛋白感应机制能够将外部趋化因子场转化为细胞内信号，从而指导肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组，从而驱动细胞运动。在这里，我回顾了我们目前对体内趋化因子梯度形成、GPCR 介导的梯度感应以及指导肌动蛋白细胞骨架功能的复杂信号网络的理解。
