Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy.
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy ; Padova University Proteomics Center, Via G. Orus 2b, Padova 35129, Italy.
Proteome Sci. 2013 Jul 24;11:34. doi: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-34. eCollection 2013.
Aims of the research were to devise a proteome map of the chicken Pectoralis superficialis muscle, as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and to characterize protein expression changes in the soluble protein fraction in commercial conditions due to age and to time in transit before slaughtering. Broilers were reared under commercial conditions until they reached a mean 1.8 kg and 36 d, or 2.6 kg and 46 d of age. Transport to the slaughterhouse took 90 or 220 minutes. Transport-induced stress was assessed from blood metabolites and leukocyte cell counts, revealing significant changes in albumin, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, in heterophils and leukocyte counts for chickens in transit for longer, and in glucose depending mainly on age. The sarcoplasmic protein fractions were extracted from a total of 39 breast muscle samples, collected 15 min post mortem, for analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Image and statistical analyses enabled us to study the qualitative and quantitative differences between the samples. Twelve up- or down-regulated protein spots were detected (P < 0.05): 8 related to the age effect, 2 to time in transit, and 2 to the interaction between the two. Age and time in transit influenced the avian proteome regulating the biological processes linked to the cellular housekeeping functions, related mainly to metabolism, cell division and control of apoptosis. Principal component analysis clustering was used to assess differences between birds. Age difference discriminated between the chickens analyzed better than time in transit, which seemed to have less general impact on the proteome fraction considered here. Isolating and identifying the proteins whose expression changes in response to transport duration and age shed some light on the biological mechanisms underlying growth and stress-related metabolism in chickens. Our results, combined with a further characterization of the chicken proteome associated with commercial chicken slaughtering management, will hopefully inspire alternative strategies and policies, and action to reduce the impact of stress related to time in transit.
本研究的目的是设计一个鸡胸大肌的蛋白质组图谱，采用二维凝胶电泳法进行解析，并研究在商业条件下，由于年龄和运输前屠宰前的时间而导致可溶性蛋白质部分的蛋白质表达变化。肉鸡在商业条件下饲养，直到它们达到平均 1.8 公斤和 36 天，或 2.6 公斤和 46 天的年龄。运输到屠宰场需要 90 或 220 分钟。通过血液代谢物和白细胞计数来评估运输引起的应激，结果表明，在运输时间较长的鸡中，白蛋白、葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度，异嗜粒细胞和白细胞计数发生了显著变化，而葡萄糖主要取决于年龄。从总共 39 个鸡胸肌样本中提取肌浆蛋白部分，在死后 15 分钟进行分析，采用二维电泳。图像和统计分析使我们能够研究样品之间的定性和定量差异。检测到 12 个上调或下调的蛋白质斑点（P<0.05）：8 个与年龄效应有关，2 个与运输时间有关，2 个与两者的相互作用有关。年龄和运输时间影响禽类蛋白质组，调节与细胞管家功能相关的生物过程，主要与代谢、细胞分裂和细胞凋亡的控制有关。主成分分析聚类用于评估鸟类之间的差异。年龄差异比运输时间更能区分分析鸡，而运输时间对这里考虑的蛋白质部分似乎没有那么普遍的影响。分离和鉴定表达变化的蛋白质，以响应运输时间和年龄的变化，为鸡的生长和应激相关代谢的生物学机制提供了一些线索。我们的结果，结合对与商业肉鸡屠宰管理相关的鸡蛋白质组的进一步表征，有望激发替代策略和政策，并采取行动减少与运输时间相关的应激影响。
