Brown Ted, O'Keefe Sophie, Stagnitti Karen
1Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
Occup Ther Health Care. 2011 Oct;25(4):225-39. doi: 10.3109/07380577.2011.589889. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
ABSTRACT It is important for therapists to be knowledgeable about the impact of the environment on children's participation patterns and activity preferences. This study investigated the activity preference and participation among school-age children living in urban and rural locations. The participation patterns and preferences for activities of 58 typically developing children (32 males and 26 females; response rate of 38.7%) aged 8-12 years were assessed across both urban (n = 24) and rural (n = 34) regions of southwest Victoria, Australia. The participation patterns and preferences for activities were assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC). An independent samples t-test was used to determine whether significant differences existed for the CAPE/PAC scores for urban and rurally based children as well as boys and girls. Significant differences were found between the scores of children living in urban and rural areas on the following subscales: CAPE Diversity, CAPE Intensity, CAPE Whom, CAPE Where, PAC Physical Preference, and PAC Social Preference. A significant difference for rural and urban groups was found on the following CAPE activity types: Recreation Diversity, Recreation Intensity, Social Diversity, Social Intensity, Self-Improvement Diversity, and Self-Improvement Intensity. Rurally based children were engaged in a broader range of activities and did so more frequently than urban children. Differences in gender were identified with girls preferring to participate in social and skill-based activities and being more likely to participate with friends or people outside their home. However, there were no significant differences in the participation patterns of boys and girls. Physical, social, and structural aspects of the location where a child lives impact the frequency, type of activities, and whom a child participates with most frequently in out-of-school activities. The activity participation of boys and girls in Australia has become quite similar.
摘要 治疗师了解环境对儿童参与模式和活动偏好的影响非常重要。本研究调查了生活在城市和农村地区的学龄儿童的活动偏好和参与情况。对澳大利亚维多利亚州西南部城市（n = 24）和农村（n = 34）地区的58名发育正常的8至12岁儿童（32名男性和26名女性；回复率为38.7%）的活动参与模式和偏好进行了评估。使用儿童参与和享受评估及儿童活动偏好量表（CAPE/PAC）对活动参与模式和偏好进行评估。采用独立样本t检验来确定城市和农村儿童以及男孩和女孩的CAPE/PAC得分是否存在显著差异。在以下子量表上发现城市和农村儿童得分存在显著差异：CAPE多样性、CAPE强度、CAPE与谁一起、CAPE在哪里、PAC身体偏好和PAC社交偏好。在以下CAPE活动类型上发现农村和城市组存在显著差异：娱乐多样性、娱乐强度、社交多样性、社交强度、自我提升多样性和自我提升强度。农村儿童参与的活动范围更广，且比城市儿童更频繁。确定了性别差异，女孩更喜欢参与社交和技能型活动，并且更有可能与朋友或家庭以外的人一起参与。然而，男孩和女孩的参与模式没有显著差异。儿童居住地点的物理、社会和结构方面会影响校外活动的频率、活动类型以及儿童最常与之一起参与活动的人。澳大利亚男孩和女孩的活动参与情况已变得颇为相似。
