Field Stephanie C, Temple Viviene A
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada.
Sports (Basel). 2017 Jun 18;5(2):43. doi: 10.3390/sports5020043.
Motor skill proficiency in middle childhood is associated with higher physical activity levels at that age and is predictive of adolescent physical activity levels. Much of the previous research in this area has used accelerometry in determining these relationships, and as a result, little is known about what physical activities the children are engaging in. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine rates of participation in physical activities, the relationships between motor proficiency and how often children participate, and if there were gender-based differences in participation, motor skills, or the relationship between these variables. Participants were 400 boys and girls (Mean age = 9 years 6 months) in grade 4. Motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) and physical activity participation was measured using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Descriptive statistics, chi-squared analyses, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to examine activity patterns and whether these patterns differed by gender. Correlation coefficients were used to estimate the relationships between fundamental motor skill proficiency and participation. The boys and girls participated in many of the same activities, but girls were more likely to participate in most of the informal physical activities. More boys than girls participated in team sports, boys participated more frequently in team sports, and the boys' object control and locomotor skill proficiency were significantly associated with participation in team sports. There were some significant associations between motor skills and participation in specific activities; however it is not clear if participation is developing skillfulness or those who are more skilled are engaging and persisting with particular activities.
童年中期的运动技能熟练程度与该年龄段较高的身体活动水平相关，并且能够预测青少年的身体活动水平。该领域之前的许多研究在确定这些关系时使用了加速度计，因此，对于孩子们参与的具体体育活动知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是考察体育活动的参与率、运动熟练度与儿童参与频率之间的关系，以及在参与情况、运动技能或这些变量之间的关系方面是否存在基于性别的差异。研究参与者为400名四年级的男孩和女孩（平均年龄 = 9岁6个月）。使用《大肌肉发展测试-2》（TGMD-2）评估运动技能，并使用《儿童参与和乐趣评估》（CAPE）测量身体活动参与情况。描述性统计、卡方分析和多变量方差分析（MANOVA）用于考察活动模式以及这些模式是否因性别而异。相关系数用于估计基本运动技能熟练程度与参与之间的关系。男孩和女孩参与了许多相同的活动，但女孩更有可能参与大多数非正式体育活动。参与团队运动的男孩比女孩多，男孩参与团队运动更频繁，并且男孩的物体控制和运动技能熟练程度与参与团队运动显著相关。运动技能与参与特定活动之间存在一些显著关联；然而，尚不清楚是参与活动促进了技能的发展，还是技能较高的人更积极地参与并坚持特定活动。
