Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
BMC Med. 2013 Jul 30;11:172. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-172.
The relevance of physical activity (PA) for combating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children has been highlighted, but to date there has been no large-scale study analyzing that association in children aged ≤9 years of age. This study sought to evaluate the associations between objectively-measured PA and clustered CVD risk factors in a large sample of European children, and to provide evidence for gender-specific recommendations of PA.
Cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study in 16,224 children aged 2 to 9 were collected. Of these, 3,120 (1,016 between 2 to 6 years, 2,104 between 6 to 9 years) had sufficient data for inclusion in the current analyses. Two different age-specific and gender-specific clustered CVD risk scores associated with PA were determined. First, a CVD risk factor (CRF) continuous score was computed using the following variables: systolic blood pressure (SBP), total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and sum of two skinfolds (score CRFs). Secondly, another CVD risk score was obtained for older children containing the score CRFs + the cardiorespiratory fitness variable (termed score CRFs + fit). Data used in the current analysis were derived from the IDEFICS ('Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS') study.
In boys <6 years, the odds ratios (OR) for CVD risk were elevated in the least active quintile of PA (OR: 2.58) compared with the most active quintile as well as the second quintile for vigorous PA (OR: 2.91). Compared with the most active quintile, older children in the first, second and third quintiles had OR for CVD risk score CRFs + fit ranging from OR 2.69 to 5.40 in boys, and from OR 2.85 to 7.05 in girls.
PA is important to protect against clustering of CVD risk factors in young children, being more consistent in those older than 6 years. Healthcare professionals should recommend around 60 and 85 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA, including 20 min/day of vigorous PA.
身体活动（PA）对降低儿童心血管疾病（CVD）风险的相关性已得到强调，但迄今为止，尚无大规模研究分析≤9 岁儿童的这种关联。本研究旨在评估在 16224 名 2 至 9 岁的欧洲儿童中，通过客观测量 PA 与 CVD 风险因素聚类之间的关联，并为 PA 的性别特异性建议提供证据。
本研究收集了一项纵向研究的横断面数据，共有 16224 名儿童参与，其中 3120 名（2 至 6 岁 1016 名，6 至 9 岁 2104 名）的数据足以进行本分析。确定了两种不同的年龄特异性和性别特异性与 PA 相关的聚类 CVD 风险评分。首先，使用以下变量计算 CVD 风险因素（CRF）连续评分：收缩压（SBP）、总甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）比值、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）和两个皮褶厚度之和（CRFs 评分）。其次，对于年龄较大的儿童，另一个 CVD 风险评分包含 CRFs+心肺适能变量（称为 CRFs+fit 评分）。本分析中使用的数据来自于 IDEFICS（儿童和婴儿饮食和生活方式诱导健康影响的识别和预防）研究。
在 6 岁以下男孩中，PA 最少活动五分位数的 CVD 风险比值比（OR）高于最活跃五分位数，与剧烈 PA 的第二五分位数相比（OR：2.58）。与最活跃五分位数相比，男孩中 CRFs+fit 的 CVD 风险评分的第一、第二和第三五分位数的 OR 范围为 2.69 至 5.40，女孩的 OR 范围为 2.85 至 7.05。
PA 对于保护年轻儿童免受 CVD 风险因素聚类很重要，在 6 岁以上儿童中更为一致。医疗保健专业人员应建议儿童每天进行约 60 至 85 分钟的中等到剧烈 PA，包括每天 20 分钟的剧烈 PA。
