Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Future Oncol. 2013 Aug;9(8):1145-59. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.79.
Radioiodine 131 ((131)I) has been used worldwide for the ablation of remnant thyroidal tissue after surgery or as the first-line treatment for Graves' disease. Although the use of (131)I is becoming increasingly prevalent, there is evidence suggesting that this treatment is associated with side effects such as salivary gland dysfunction and an increased risk of leukemia. This article aims to review the potential use of radioprotective agents and the side effects induced by (131)I therapy. Several synthetic and natural compounds have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. The protective agents reduced the toxicity of (131)I, mainly in the salivary glands, and mitigated the genetic damage through different mechanisms. There are limited clinical studies evaluating the use of radioprotective agents in patients undergoing radioiodine therapy. However, lemon candies, lemon juice and sugarless chewing gum have been proposed to be beneficial for minimizing the side effects of radioiodine within the salivary glands.
放射性碘 131 ((131)I) 已在全球范围内用于手术切除甲状腺组织后的消融或 Graves 病的一线治疗。尽管放射性碘 131 的使用越来越普遍，但有证据表明，这种治疗与副作用有关，如唾液腺功能障碍和白血病风险增加。本文旨在综述放射性防护剂的潜在应用及放射性碘 131 治疗引起的副作用。已有多项合成和天然化合物在临床前和临床试验中进行了研究。这些防护剂降低了放射性碘 131 的毒性，主要是在唾液腺中，并通过不同的机制减轻了遗传损伤。目前，评估放射性防护剂在接受放射性碘治疗的患者中的应用的临床研究有限。然而，柠檬糖、柠檬汁和无糖口香糖已被提出可有助于最小化放射性碘在唾液腺中的副作用。
