伊朗孕妇进行艾滋病毒检测的必要性及其伦理考量。
The necessity of HIV testing in Iranian pregnant women and its ethical considerations.
作者信息
Salari Pooneh, Azizi Maryam
机构信息
Assisstant Professor, Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
出版信息
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2009 Jan 13;2:1. Print 2009.
A high number of HIV positive babies are born each year, whereas by highly effective preventive measures, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be decreased significantly. There are different methods (for example mandatory versus voluntary) for HIV screening in pregnant women, but there are debates on conducting HIV testing by these methods. One of the most important issues in this field is its ethical considerations. Also its limitations cannot be ignored. According to these facts several keywords were searched by search engines such as Web of Sciences, Medline, Google scholar, WHO website. The most relevant and recent articles were chosen. Concerning the importance of vertical transmission of HIV, the role of preventive measures, ethical considerations, and the limitations of HIV screening, we recommend HIV testing offer to every pregnant women at the first clinic visit by providing enough information for patient and considering her autonomy. Also policy makers should provide a guideline for this test according to the pregnant women's autonomy, confidentiality, and dignity.
每年都有大量的艾滋病毒呈阳性的婴儿出生，而通过高效的预防措施，母婴传播的风险可以显著降低。孕妇艾滋病毒筛查有不同的方法（例如强制筛查与自愿筛查），但关于通过这些方法进行艾滋病毒检测存在争议。该领域最重要的问题之一是其伦理考量。其局限性也不容忽视。基于这些事实，通过诸如科学网、医学索引、谷歌学术、世界卫生组织网站等搜索引擎搜索了几个关键词。选择了最相关和最新的文章。鉴于艾滋病毒垂直传播的重要性、预防措施的作用、伦理考量以及艾滋病毒筛查的局限性，我们建议在首次门诊就诊时为每位孕妇提供艾滋病毒检测，同时为患者提供足够信息并考虑其自主权。此外，政策制定者应根据孕妇的自主权、保密性和尊严为这项检测制定指导方针。
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