Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA.
Q Rev Biol. 2013 Jun;88(2):69-96. doi: 10.1086/670529.
Microbial growth is a biological process that has been previously treated as a chemical reaction operating in accord with the Gibbs free energy equation, Delta G = Delta H-T Delta S. The heat of yeast growth was the first to be measured, in 1856, by direct calorimetry of a large wine vat. Until then there was a tendency for biologists to continue with the old notion that the energy change accompanying the growth of microorganisms was reflected in the amount of heat that was produced during this process. The application of chemical thermodynamics to systems involving microbial growth did not occur until much later. The full application of the Gibbs equation to microbial growth did not take place until the experimental measurement of yeast cell entropy was made in 1997 Further investigations then showed that the quantity of thermal energy for solid substances represented by TS was twice that of the quantity of thermal energy represented by Qab that is experimentally necessary to raise T of a substance from 0/K to T/K. Since there can only be one value for this, the use of the equation Delta X = Delta H-Delta Qab was investigated with respect to microbial growth, and is described in this review.
微生物生长是一个生物学过程，此前一直被视为一种化学反应，其操作符合吉布斯自由能方程，ΔG = ΔH-TΔS。酵母生长的热量是在 1856 年通过对一个大型酒桶的直接量热法首次测量的。在此之前，生物学家倾向于继续沿用旧观念，即伴随微生物生长的能量变化反映在这一过程中产生的热量上。直到后来，化学热力学才被应用于涉及微生物生长的系统中。直到 1997 年对酵母细胞熵进行了实验测量，吉布斯方程才被全面应用于微生物生长。进一步的研究表明，代表 TS 的固态物质的热能数量是代表 Qab 的热能数量的两倍，这是实验中需要将物质的 T 从 0/K 升高到 T/K 所需的热能数量。由于这只有一个值，因此研究了关于微生物生长的方程 ΔX = ΔH-Delta Qab 的使用，并在本综述中进行了描述。
