Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Sep;17(9):434-41. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Maximizing rewards per unit time is ideal for success and survival in humans and animals. This goal can be approached by speeding up behavior aiming at rewards and this is done most efficiently by acquiring skills. Importantly, reward-directed skills consist of two components: finding a good object (i.e., object skill) and acting on the object (i.e., action skill), which occur sequentially. Recent studies suggest that object skill is based on high-capacity memory for object-value associations. When a learned object is encountered the corresponding memory is quickly expressed as a value-based gaze bias, leading to the automatic acquisition or avoidance of the object. Object skill thus plays a crucial role in increasing rewards per unit time.
最大化单位时间内的回报对于人类和动物的成功和生存至关重要。通过加快追求奖励的行为，就可以实现这一目标，而这最有效地是通过获得技能来实现。重要的是，奖励导向技能由两个组成部分组成：找到一个好的对象（即对象技能）和对对象进行操作（即动作技能），它们是顺序发生的。最近的研究表明，对象技能基于对对象-价值关联的高容量记忆。当遇到已学习的对象时，相应的记忆会迅速表现为基于价值的注视偏差，从而导致对对象的自动获取或回避。因此，对象技能在提高单位时间内的奖励方面起着至关重要的作用。
