Kim Jeong-Ho, Roy Adhiraj, Jouandot David, Cho Kyu Hong
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Nov;1830(11):5204-10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.025. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Most cells possess a sophisticated mechanism for sensing glucose and responding to it appropriately. Glucose sensing and signaling in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent an important paradigm for understanding how extracellular signals lead to changes in the gene expression program in eukaryotes.
This review focuses on the yeast glucose sensing and signaling pathways that operate in a highly regulated and cooperative manner to bring about glucose-induction of HXT gene expression.
The yeast cells possess a family of glucose transporters (HXTs), with different kinetic properties. They employ three major glucose signaling pathways-Rgt2/Snf3, AMPK, and cAMP-PKA-to express only those transporters best suited for the amounts of glucose available. We discuss the current understanding of how these pathways are integrated into a regulatory network to ensure efficient uptake and utilization of glucose.
Elucidating the role of multiple glucose signals and pathways involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in yeast may reveal the molecular basis of glucose homeostasis in humans, especially under pathological conditions, such as hyperglycemia in diabetics and the elevated rate of glycolysis observed in many solid tumors.
大多数细胞拥有一种复杂的机制来感知葡萄糖并做出适当反应。出芽酵母酿酒酵母中的葡萄糖感知和信号传导是理解细胞外信号如何导致真核生物基因表达程序变化的重要范例。
本综述聚焦于酵母葡萄糖感知和信号传导途径，这些途径以高度调控和协同的方式运作，以实现葡萄糖诱导的HXT基因表达。
酵母细胞拥有一族具有不同动力学特性的葡萄糖转运蛋白（HXTs）。它们采用三条主要的葡萄糖信号传导途径——Rgt2/Snf3、AMPK和cAMP-PKA——来仅表达那些最适合可用葡萄糖量的转运蛋白。我们讨论了目前对这些途径如何整合到一个调控网络以确保葡萄糖有效摄取和利用的理解。
阐明参与酵母葡萄糖摄取和代谢的多种葡萄糖信号和途径的作用，可能揭示人类葡萄糖稳态的分子基础，尤其是在病理条件下，如糖尿病患者的高血糖症以及在许多实体瘤中观察到的糖酵解速率升高。
