Rønnestad B R, Mujika I
Section for Sport Science, Lillehammer University College, Lillehammer, Norway.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Aug;24(4):603-12. doi: 10.1111/sms.12104. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
Here we report on the effect of combining endurance training with heavy or explosive strength training on endurance performance in endurance-trained runners and cyclists. Running economy is improved by performing combined endurance training with either heavy or explosive strength training. However, heavy strength training is recommended for improving cycling economy. Equivocal findings exist regarding the effects on power output or velocity at the lactate threshold. Concurrent endurance and heavy strength training can increase running speed and power output at VO2max (Vmax and Wmax, respectively) or time to exhaustion at Vmax and Wmax. Combining endurance training with either explosive or heavy strength training can improve running performance, while there is most compelling evidence of an additive effect on cycling performance when heavy strength training is used. It is suggested that the improved endurance performance may relate to delayed activation of less efficient type II fibers, improved neuromuscular efficiency, conversion of fast-twitch type IIX fibers into more fatigue-resistant type IIA fibers, or improved musculo-tendinous stiffness.
在此，我们报告了耐力训练与大负荷或爆发性力量训练相结合对耐力训练的跑步者和自行车运动员耐力表现的影响。通过将耐力训练与大负荷或爆发性力量训练相结合，跑步经济性得到改善。然而，推荐进行大负荷力量训练以提高骑行经济性。关于对乳酸阈时的功率输出或速度的影响，存在不一致的研究结果。同时进行耐力和大负荷力量训练可提高跑步速度以及在最大摄氧量时的功率输出（分别为最大速度和最大功率），或延长在最大速度和最大功率时的疲劳时间。将耐力训练与爆发性或大负荷力量训练相结合可提高跑步表现，而有最确凿的证据表明，当采用大负荷力量训练时，对骑行表现有累加效应。有人认为，耐力表现的改善可能与效率较低的II型纤维的激活延迟、神经肌肉效率提高、快肌IIX型纤维向更耐疲劳的IIA型纤维的转变或肌肉肌腱僵硬度的改善有关。
