间歇式喂养和补充谷氨酰胺或谷氨酰胺加谷氨酸（Aminogut）对仔猪断奶前后生长性能和肠道健康的影响。
Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets.
机构信息
Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 101 Polk Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Aug 3;4(1):29. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-29.
BACKGROUND
Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption. L-Glutamine (GLN) is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut (AG; containing glutamine + glutamate) to pre- and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health. Litters (N = 120) were allotted to four treatments during 14-21 d of lactation: 1) No creep feed (NC, n = 45); 2) creep fed control diet (CFCD, n = 45); 3) creep fed 1% GLN (CFGLN, n = 15); 4) creep fed .88% AG (CFAG, n = 15). After weaning, the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups (n = 15 each), receiving either a control nursery diet (NC-CD, CFCD-CD) or a diet supplemented with either GLN (NC-GLN, CFCD-GLN) or with AG (NC-AG, CFCD-AG). Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets (CFGLN-GLN, CFAG-AG). Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at .88% in phase 1 and 2 and at .66% in phase 3.
RESULTS
Feed conversion (feed/gain) showed means among treatment means close to significance (P = 0.056) and Tukey's test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion (feed/gain) in the first three-week period post-weaning, exceeding (P = 0.044) controls (CFCD-CD) by 34%. The NC-AG group had (P = 0.02) the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study, exceeding controls (CFCD-CD) by 12%. CFGLN-GLN, CFCD-GLN and sow reared (SR) pigs had the greatest (P = 0.049) villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%, 20% and 19% respectively. The CFAG-AG group had the deepest (P = 0.001) crypts among all treatments. CFGLN-GLN, CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest (P = 0.001) number of cells proliferating (PCNA) exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%, 54% and 63% respectively. Sow reared pigs showed the greatest (P = 0.001) intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.
CONCLUSION
Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health.
背景
渗滤喂养用于刺激仔猪断奶后的饲料采食量。L-谷氨酰胺（GLN）是肠上皮细胞的重要燃料来源。本研究的目的是确定在断奶前和断奶后饮食中添加渗滤喂养和 GLN 或 AminoGut（AG；含有谷氨酰胺+谷氨酸）对猪生产性能和肠道健康的影响。在哺乳期的 14-21 天内，将仔猪（N=120）分配到四个处理组：1）无渗滤喂养（NC，n=45）；2）渗滤喂养对照饮食（CFCD，n=45）；3）渗滤喂养 1%GLN（CFGLN，n=15）；4）渗滤喂养.88%AG（CFAG，n=15）。断奶后，NC 和 CFCD 组又分为三组（每组 n=15），分别接受对照保育日粮（NC-CD、CFCD-CD）或补充 GLN（NC-GLN、CFCD-GLN）或 AG（NC-AG、CFCD-AG）的日粮。用含有 GLN 或 AG 的日粮渗滤喂养的仔猪也在保育日粮中补充了这些氨基酸（CFGLN-GLN、CFAG-AG）。在所有三个断奶后日粮阶段，GLN 添加量为 1%，AG 添加量为 1%在第 1 阶段和第 2 阶段，第 3 阶段添加.66%。
结果
饲料转化率（饲料/增重）接近处理平均值的显著水平（P=0.056），并且 Tukey 检验显示，CFGLN-GLN 组的仔猪在断奶后前三周的饲料转化率（饲料/增重）最好，比对照（CFCD-CD）高出 34%（P=0.044）。NC-AG 组在研究的最后三周内的采食量最大（P=0.02），比对照（CFCD-CD）高出 12%。CFGLN-GLN、CFCD-GLN 和母猪饲养（SR）仔猪的绒毛高度最大（P=0.049），比 CFCD-AG 组高 18%、20%和 19%。CFAG-AG 组的隐窝最深（P=0.001）。CFGLN-GLN、CFCD-GLN 和 SR 组的细胞增殖（PCNA）最多（P=0.001），比 NC-CD 组高 43%、54%和 63%。母猪饲养的仔猪对木糖和甘露醇的肠道吸收能力最强。
结论
在断奶前 3 周补充渗滤喂养和保育日粮中的 GLN 和/或 AminoGut 可能会改善饲料转化率，这可能是由于肠道健康状况改善所致。
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