Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013 Jul;68(7):934-9. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(07)08.
To investigate parental smoking patterns and their association with wheezing in children.
We performed a case-control study that included 105 children between 6 and 23 months of age who were divided into two groups: cases (children with 3 previous episodes of wheezing) and controls (healthy children without wheezing). The children's exposure to cigarette smoking was estimated using a questionnaire completed by the mothers and by the children's urinary cotinine levels.
Based on both the questionnaire results and cotinine levels, exposure to cigarette smoking was higher in the households of cases in which the incidence of maternal smoking was significantly higher than that of paternal smoking. Children in this group were more affected by maternal smoking and by the total number of cigarettes smoked inside the house. Additionally, the questionnaire results indicated that the risk of wheezing was dose dependent. The presence of allergic components, such as atopic dermatitis and siblings with allergic rhinitis and asthma, greatly increased the odds ratio when wheezing was associated with cotinine levels.
Children exposed to tobacco smoke have an increased risk of developing wheezing syndrome. This risk increases in association with the number of cigarettes smoked inside the house and the presence of other allergic components in the family.
研究父母吸烟模式及其与儿童喘息的关系。
我们进行了一项病例对照研究，纳入了 105 名 6 至 23 个月大的儿童，将他们分为两组：病例组（有 3 次喘息发作的儿童）和对照组（无喘息的健康儿童）。通过母亲填写的问卷和儿童尿液中的可替宁水平来评估儿童的吸烟暴露情况。
根据问卷结果和可替宁水平，病例组家庭中儿童的吸烟暴露水平较高，母亲吸烟的发生率明显高于父亲吸烟的发生率。该组儿童受母亲吸烟和家中吸烟总数的影响更大。此外，问卷结果表明，喘息的风险与吸烟量呈剂量依赖性。当喘息与可替宁水平相关联时，存在特应性皮炎和患有过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的兄弟姐妹等过敏成分会大大增加比值比。
暴露于烟草烟雾中的儿童患喘息综合征的风险增加。这种风险与室内吸烟的香烟数量以及家庭中其他过敏成分的存在有关。
