Lannerö Eva, Wickman Magnus, Pershagen Goran, Nordvall Lennart
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Respir Res. 2006 Jan 5;7(1):3. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-3.
Exposure to cigarette smoking during foetal and early postnatal life may have implications for lung health. The aim of this study was to assess the possible effects of such exposure in utero on lower respiratory disease in children up to two years of age.
A birth cohort of 4089 newborn infants was followed for two years using parental questionnaires. When the infant was two months old the parents completed a questionnaire on various lifestyle factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy and after birth. At one and two years of age information was obtained by questionnaire on symptoms of allergic and respiratory diseases as well as on environmental exposures, particularly exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Adjustments were made for potential confounders.
When the mother had smoked during pregnancy but not after that, there was an increased risk of recurrent wheezing up to two years' age, ORadj = 2.2, (95% CI 1.3-3.6). The corresponding OR was 1.6, (95% CI 1.2-2.3) for reported exposure to ETS with or without maternal smoking in utero. Maternal smoking during pregnancy but no exposure to ETS also increased the risk of doctor's diagnosed asthma up to two years of age, ORadj = 2.1, (95% CI 1.2-3.7).
Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in utero is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing, as well as doctor's diagnosed asthma in children up to two years of age.
胎儿期及出生后早期接触香烟烟雾可能会对肺部健康产生影响。本研究的目的是评估子宫内接触香烟烟雾对两岁以下儿童下呼吸道疾病的潜在影响。
采用家长问卷对4089名新生儿的出生队列进行了为期两年的随访。婴儿两个月大时，家长完成了一份关于各种生活方式因素的问卷，包括孕期及产后母亲吸烟情况。在一岁和两岁时，通过问卷获取了关于过敏性和呼吸道疾病症状以及环境暴露，特别是环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露的信息。对潜在混杂因素进行了调整。
母亲在孕期吸烟但产后不吸烟时，两岁前反复喘息的风险增加，校正后比值比（ORadj）=2.2，（95%置信区间1.3 - 3.6）。对于报告有或没有子宫内母亲吸烟情况下接触ETS，相应的OR为1.6，（95%置信区间1.2 - 2.3）。孕期母亲吸烟但未接触ETS也增加了两岁前医生诊断哮喘的风险，ORadj = 2.1，（95%置信区间1.2 - 3.7）。
子宫内接触母亲吸烟是两岁以下儿童反复喘息以及医生诊断哮喘的一个危险因素。
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