Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK.
Int J Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;42(3):816-27. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt078.
Drinking alcohol has a long tradition in Chinese culture. However, data on the prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption in China, and its main correlates, are limited.
During 2004-08 the China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,891 men and women aged 30-79 years from 10 urban and rural areas of China. Detailed information on alcohol consumption was collected using a standardized questionnaire, and related to socio-demographic, physical and behavioural characteristics in men and women separately.
Overall, 76% of men and 36% of women reported drinking some alcohol during the past 12 months, with 33% of men and 2% of women drinking at least weekly; the prevalence of weekly drinking in men varied from 7% to 51% across the 10 study areas. Mean consumption was 286 g/week and was higher in those with less education. Most weekly drinkers habitually drank spirits, although this varied by area, and beer consumption was highest among younger drinkers; 37% of male weekly drinkers (12% of all men) reported weekly heavy drinking episodes, with the prevalence highest in younger men. Drinking alcohol was positively correlated with regular smoking, blood pressure and heart rate. Among male weekly drinkers, each 20 g/day alcohol consumed was associated with 2 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure. Potential indicators of problem drinking were reported by 24% of male weekly drinkers.
The prevalence and patterns of drinking in China differ greatly by age, sex and geographical region. Alcohol consumption is associated with a number of unfavourable health behaviours and characteristics.
饮酒在中国文化中有着悠久的传统。然而，有关中国饮酒的流行程度和模式及其主要相关因素的数据有限。
在 2004 年至 2008 年期间，中国慢性病前瞻性研究（CKB）从中国的 10 个城乡地区招募了 512891 名 30-79 岁的男性和女性。使用标准化问卷详细收集了饮酒量的信息，并分别在男性和女性中与社会人口统计学、身体和行为特征相关联。
总体而言，76%的男性和 36%的女性在过去 12 个月内报告饮酒，其中 33%的男性和 2%的女性每周至少饮酒一次；10 个研究地区男性每周饮酒的患病率从 7%到 51%不等。每周饮酒的平均摄入量为 286 克，受教育程度较低者的摄入量较高。大多数习惯性每周饮酒者都喝烈酒，尽管各地的情况有所不同，而且年轻人中啤酒的消费量最高；37%的男性每周饮酒者（占所有男性的 12%）报告每周有大量饮酒，而年轻男性中的患病率最高。饮酒与有规律的吸烟、血压和心率呈正相关。在男性每周饮酒者中，每天摄入 20 克酒精与收缩压升高 2 毫米汞柱有关。24%的男性每周饮酒者报告了可能表明存在饮酒问题的指标。
中国饮酒的流行程度和模式在年龄、性别和地理区域上存在很大差异。饮酒与许多不良健康行为和特征有关。
