Bae Jungu, Morisaka Hironobu, Kuroda Kouichi, Ueda Mitsuyoshi
Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013;23(4-5):370-8. doi: 10.1159/000351358. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
Cellulose, a primary component of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. Only a limited number of microorganisms are known to degrade cellulose, which is highly recalcitrant due to its crystal structure. Anaerobic bacteria efficiently degrade cellulose by producing cellulosomes, which are complexes of cellulases bound to scaffoldins. The underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the assembly and efficiency of cellulosomes are not yet fully understood. The cohesin-dockerin specificity has been extensively studied to understand cellulosome assembly. Moreover, the recent progress in proteomics has enabled integral analyses of the growth-substrate-dependent variations in cellulosomal systems. Furthermore, the proximity and targeting effects of cellulosomal synergistic actions have been investigated using designed minicellulosomes. The recent findings about cellulosome assembly, strategies for optimal cellulosome production, and beneficial features of cellulosomes as an arming microcompartment on the microbial cell surface are summarized here.
纤维素是木质纤维素生物质的主要成分，是自然界中最丰富的碳水化合物聚合物。已知只有有限数量的微生物能够降解纤维素，由于其晶体结构，纤维素具有高度的顽固性。厌氧细菌通过产生纤维小体有效地降解纤维素，纤维小体是与支架蛋白结合的纤维素酶复合物。负责纤维小体组装和效率的潜在机制尚未完全了解。为了理解纤维小体组装，人们对黏附素-对接蛋白特异性进行了广泛研究。此外，蛋白质组学的最新进展使得能够对纤维小体系统中生长底物依赖性变化进行整体分析。此外，还使用设计的微型纤维小体研究了纤维小体协同作用的邻近效应和靶向效应。本文总结了关于纤维小体组装的最新发现、最佳纤维小体生产策略以及纤维小体作为微生物细胞表面武装微区室的有益特性。
