埃塞俄比亚西南部甘贝拉地区伊唐特别区社区对结核病的知识、态度和实践。
Community's knowledge, attitudes and practices about tuberculosis in Itang Special District, Gambella Region, South Western Ethiopia.
机构信息
Gambella Teachers Education and Health Science College, Gambella, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2013 Aug 7;13:734. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-734.
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the primary public health problems in developing countries. HIV/AIDS, poverty, undernutrition, over-crowded living conditions and lack of knowledge about the disease have been known to increase the risk of spreading the bacteria and the risk of developing the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the level of TB knowledge, attitudes and practices of rural communities of Itang Special District of the Gambella Regional State of Ethiopia.
METHODS
Between November 2011 and January 2012, a community-based cross sectional study was carried out in a randomly selected rural kebeles (i.e. the smallest administrative units) of Itang communities. The study participants were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaire. The overall knowledge, attitudes and practices of the study participants were assessed using the mean score of each outcome as a cut-off value. Having a score above the mean on each of the three target outcomes was equated with having a good level of knowledge, or having favorable attitude and good practices towards TB.
RESULTS
Out of 422 study participants (58.5% males and 41.5% females) only 3.3% mentioned bacteria/germ as a cause of pulmonary TB (PTB) and 9.9% mentioned cough for at least two weeks as the sign of TB. Taking the mean knowledge score as the cut-off value, 57.6% (95% CI: 52.7% to 62.3%) of the study participants had good level of knowledge about TB, 40.8% (95% CI: 36.0% to 45.6%) had favorable attitude towards TB and 45.9% (95% CI: 41.1% to 50.9%) had good practices. Female participants were less likely to have good level of knowledge [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.33, 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.51, p < 0.001], less likely to have favorable attitude (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.37) and less likely to have good practices (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.57, p < 0.001) compared to male participants.
CONCLUSION
Majority of the study participants had no correct information about the causative agent of TB and the main symptom of PTB. Moreover, low level of overall knowledge, attitudes and practices about TB was associated with female participants. Hence, TB control strategy in the present study area should include community awareness raising component.
背景
结核病（TB）是发展中国家主要的公共卫生问题之一。艾滋病毒/艾滋病、贫困、营养不良、过度拥挤的生活条件以及对疾病缺乏了解，这些因素都增加了细菌传播的风险和发病的风险。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚甘贝拉地区伊坦特别区农村社区的结核病知识、态度和实践水平。
方法
2011 年 11 月至 2012 年 1 月，在伊坦社区随机选择的农村基贝拉（即最小的行政单位）进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。研究参与者接受了预先测试的问卷访谈。使用每个结果的平均值作为截止值来评估研究参与者的整体知识、态度和实践。在三个目标结果中的每一个上的得分高于平均值，就等同于具有良好的结核病知识水平，或对结核病有良好的态度和良好的实践。
结果
在 422 名研究参与者（58.5%为男性，41.5%为女性）中，只有 3.3%的人将细菌/病菌作为肺结核（PTB）的病因，9.9%的人将至少两周的咳嗽作为结核病的迹象。以知识得分的平均值作为截止值，57.6%（95%CI：52.7%至 62.3%）的研究参与者具有良好的结核病知识水平，40.8%（95%CI：36.0%至 45.6%）对结核病有良好的态度，45.9%（95%CI：41.1%至 50.9%）有良好的实践。女性参与者不太可能具有良好的知识水平（调整后的优势比[OR] = 0.33，95%CI，0.21 至 0.51，p < 0.001），不太可能具有良好的态度（OR = 0.23，95%CI，0.14 至 0.37），不太可能有良好的实践（OR = 0.37，95%CI，0.24 至 0.57，p < 0.001），与男性参与者相比。
结论
大多数研究参与者对结核病的病原体和肺结核的主要症状没有正确的认识。此外，结核病的总体知识、态度和实践水平较低与女性参与者有关。因此，本研究地区的结核病控制策略应包括社区宣传组成部分。
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