Madebo Mekbib, Balta Bargude, Daka Deresse
Leku Hospital, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.
Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2023 Oct 2;9(10):e20565. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20565. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death, despite being a largely curable and preventable disease. The goals of TB control are to reduce infection transmission, morbidity, and mortality until TB cannot be a threat to public health any longer while preventing drug resistance. Assessing KAP on TB control and prevention among family members is more essential, and taking action based on the result can break the transmission of TB infection.
From August to September 2022, a community-based cross-sectional study method was used. A total of 422 participants were selected from a list of sample frames who were family members of PTB patients who had used anti-TB medication in the previous 12 months prior to the study period using a systematic random sampling method. SPSS version 25 software was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine variables related to KAP on TB prevention and control. A variable with p-values less than 0.25 was included in the multivariable logistic regression model to find independent determinant factors. In the multivariate logistic regression, variables with p-values ≤0.05 were identified as statistically significant.
A total of 414 family members responded to the survey questionnaire. The average knowledge score on TB was 17.11 ± 6.34. The majority (51.9%) of respondents had a good knowledge of TB cases. One-third of those polled had an unfavorable attitude towards PTB prevention, with a mean score of 3.16 ± 1.78 and 55.1% had good practice in preventing tuberculosis. Marital status (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5-2.5) was an independent predictor of knowledge. Practice level is independently affected by occupation (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI = (1.7-8.7)) and health education on PTB (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = (1.6-3.9).
Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices about tuberculosis were not satisfactory when compared to several national and international studies. It is necessary to strengthen the program for health education and awareness-building on PTB.
尽管结核病在很大程度上是可治愈和可预防的疾病，但它仍是主要的死亡原因之一。结核病控制的目标是减少感染传播、发病率和死亡率，直到结核病不再对公众健康构成威胁，同时预防耐药性。评估家庭成员对结核病控制和预防的知识、态度和行为（KAP）更为重要，并且根据结果采取行动可以阻断结核菌感染的传播。
2022年8月至9月，采用基于社区的横断面研究方法。通过系统随机抽样方法，从样本框架列表中选取了422名参与者，这些参与者是在研究期前12个月内使用过抗结核药物的肺结核患者的家庭成员。使用SPSS 25版软件进行数据分析。采用双变量和多变量分析来确定与结核病预防和控制的KAP相关的变量。将p值小于0.25的变量纳入多变量逻辑回归模型，以找出独立的决定因素。在多变量逻辑回归中，p值≤0.05的变量被确定为具有统计学意义。
共有414名家庭成员回复了调查问卷。结核病知识的平均得分是17.11 ± 6.34。大多数（51.9%）受访者对结核病病例有较好的了解。三分之一的受访者对肺结核预防持不利态度，平均得分为3.16 ± 1.78，55.1%的人在预防结核病方面有良好的行为。婚姻状况（优势比[AOR]=1.7，95%置信区间[CI]：1.5 - 2.5）是知识的独立预测因素。行为水平独立受到职业（AOR = 3.9；95% CI =（1.7 - 8.7））和肺结核健康教育（AOR = 2.4；95% CI =（1.6 - 3.9））的影响。
与多项国内和国际研究相比，关于结核病的知识、态度和预防行为并不令人满意。有必要加强肺结核健康教育和提高认识的项目。
