Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Superspeciality Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;61(8):394-400. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.116058.
Diagnosis of keratoconus has greatly improved from simple clinical diagnosis with the advent of better diagnostic devices like corneal topographers based on placido disc, elevation based topographers and lately optical coherence tomography (OCT). These instruments are quite sensitive to pick up early keratoconus, which could help refractive surgeons to avoid serious complications like ectasia following keratorefractive surgeries. Each of these instruments has their advantages and disadvantages; in spite of that each one of them has its own place in the clinical practice. Currently, placido disc based topographers are the most commonly used topographers all over the world. There are many different companies making such devices, which follow the different techniques and color for the display. Due to these differences they are not directly comparable to each other. Various quantitative indices based on these topographers have been suggested and validated by different authors to aid in the diagnosis and quantification of keratoconus. OCT with its higher resolution and deeper penetration has created its place in the diagnostic armamentarium for keratoconus.
圆锥角膜的诊断随着更好的诊断设备的出现（如基于角膜面镜的角膜地形图仪、基于高度计的角膜地形图仪以及最近的光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)）而得到了极大的改善。这些仪器对早期圆锥角膜的检测非常敏感，可以帮助屈光外科医生避免角膜屈光手术后出现像扩张这样的严重并发症。这些仪器中的每一种都有其优点和缺点；尽管如此，它们中的每一种都在临床实践中有其自己的地位。目前，基于角膜面镜的角膜地形图仪是全世界最常用的角膜地形图仪。有许多不同的公司制造这种设备，它们采用不同的技术和颜色进行显示。由于这些差异，它们彼此之间无法直接进行比较。不同的作者提出了基于这些角膜地形图仪的各种定量指标，并对其进行了验证，以帮助诊断和量化圆锥角膜。OCT 具有更高的分辨率和更深的穿透性，在圆锥角膜的诊断工具中占据了一席之地。
