Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid; Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid; IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, PL6 8BH Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar;66(3):360-366. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_850_17.
Current corneal assessment technologies make the process of corneal evaluation extremely fast and simple and several devices and technologies allow to explore and to manage patients. The purpose of this special issue is to present and also to update in the evaluation of cornea and ocular surface and this second part, reviews a description of the corneal topography and tomography techniques, providing updated information of the clinical recommendations of these techniques in eye care practice. Placido-based topographers started an exciting anterior corneal surface analysis that allows the development of current corneal tomographers that provide a full three-dimensional reconstruction of the cornea including elevation, curvature, and pachymetry data of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Although, there is not an accepted reference standard technology for corneal topography description and it is not possible to determine which device produces the most accurate topographic measurements, placido-based topographers are a valuable technology to be used in primary eye care and corneal tomograhers expanding the possibilities to explore cornea and anterior eye facilitating diagnosis and follow-up in several situations, raising patient follow-up, and improving the knowledge regarding to the corneal anatomy. Main disadvantages of placido-based topographers include the absence of information about the posterior corneal surface and limited corneal surface coverage without data from the para-central and/or peripheral corneal surface. However, corneal tomographers show repeatable anterior and posterior corneal surfaces measurements, providing full corneal thickness data improving cornea, and anterior surface assessment. However, differences between devices suggest that they are not interchangeable in clinical practice.
当前的角膜评估技术使得角膜评估的过程变得非常快速和简单，并且有几种设备和技术可以用来探索和管理患者。本特刊的目的是介绍和更新角膜和眼表面的评估，第二部分描述了角膜地形和断层扫描技术，提供了这些技术在眼科临床实践中的临床建议的最新信息。基于 Placido 的角膜地形图仪开创了令人兴奋的前角膜表面分析，从而开发了目前的角膜断层扫描仪，可对包括前、后角膜表面的高度、曲率和角膜厚度数据在内的整个角膜进行三维重建。虽然目前还没有一种公认的角膜地形图描述的参考标准技术，也无法确定哪种设备能产生最准确的地形图测量值，但基于 Placido 的角膜地形图仪是一种在初级眼科护理中使用的有价值的技术，它扩大了探索角膜和眼前部的可能性，有助于在多种情况下进行诊断和随访，提高患者的随访率，并提高对角膜解剖结构的认识。基于 Placido 的角膜地形图仪的主要缺点包括缺乏关于后角膜表面的信息，以及在没有来自旁中央和/或周边角膜表面的数据时，角膜表面的覆盖范围有限。然而，角膜断层扫描仪可以重复测量前、后角膜表面，提供完整的角膜厚度数据，从而改善对角膜和前表面的评估。然而，不同设备之间的差异表明，在临床实践中它们不能互换使用。
