Liptak Amy, Tate Judith, Flatt Jason, Oakley Mary Ann, Lingler Jennifer
University of Pittsburgh.
J Holist Nurs. 2014 Mar;32(1):25-34. doi: 10.1177/0898010113500075. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
The purpose of this study was to describe humor and laughter in persons with cognitive impairment (PWCI) and caregivers who were recalling a shared experience in a focus group.
Twenty participants attended an Art Engagement Activity at the Andy Warhol Art Museum, which included a guided tour and an art project. All PWCI had medically diagnosed cognitive disorders and all caregiver participants did not. Four focus groups were conducted and transcripts of audio-recorded sessions were transferred to a qualitative software program.
Words, phrases, and episodes of humor and laughter were used to construct codes, which were refined during group analysis using constant comparison.
Humor and laughter were present in all four focus groups. Emerging themes of humor included silliness, sarcasm, and commenting about hardships of dementia. Laughter was identified in segments with and without humor. Some PWCI were unable to follow social cues.
Humor and laughter played a role in creating a safe social environment. PWCI were able to engage in humor during social interactions, yet some had difficulty recognizing social cues. Further study may reveal roles of humor and laughter in adaptation to cognitive decline and holistic interventions for improved quality of life.
本研究旨在描述认知障碍患者（PWCI）以及在焦点小组中回忆共同经历的照料者的幽默与笑声情况。
20名参与者参加了安迪·沃霍尔艺术博物馆的艺术参与活动，该活动包括一次导览和一个艺术项目。所有认知障碍患者均有医学诊断的认知障碍，而所有照料者参与者则没有。进行了四个焦点小组讨论，并将录音会话的文字记录转录到一个定性软件程序中。
使用幽默与笑声的词汇、短语和情节来构建代码，并在小组分析过程中通过持续比较对其进行完善。
所有四个焦点小组中均存在幽默与笑声。出现的幽默主题包括傻气、讽刺以及对痴呆症困难的评论。在有幽默和没有幽默的片段中都发现了笑声。一些认知障碍患者无法理解社交线索。
幽默与笑声在营造安全的社交环境中发挥了作用。认知障碍患者能够在社交互动中参与幽默，但有些人在识别社交线索方面存在困难。进一步的研究可能会揭示幽默与笑声在适应认知衰退以及改善生活质量的整体干预中的作用。
