Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio2University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Oct;167(10):933-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.322.
This study extends the literature regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related driving impairments to a newly licensed, adolescent population.
To investigate the combined risks of adolescence, ADHD, and distracted driving (cell phone conversation and text messaging) on driving performance.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents aged 16 to 17 years with (n = 28) and without (n = 33) ADHD engaged in a simulated drive under 3 conditions (no distraction, cell phone conversation, and texting). During each condition, one unexpected event (eg, another car suddenly merging into driver's lane) was introduced.
Cell phone conversation, texting, and no distraction while driving.
Self-report of driving history, average speed, standard deviation of speed, standard deviation of lateral position, and braking reaction time during driving simulation.
Adolescents with ADHD reported fewer months of driving experience and a higher proportion of driving violations than control subjects. After controlling for months of driving history, adolescents with ADHD demonstrated more variability in speed and lane position than control subjects. There were no group differences for braking reaction time. Furthermore, texting negatively impacted the driving performance of all participants as evidenced by increased variability in speed and lane position.
To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate distracted driving in adolescents with ADHD and adds to a growing body of literature documenting that individuals with ADHD are at increased risk for negative driving outcomes. Furthermore, texting significantly impairs the driving performance of all adolescents and increases existing driving-related impairment in adolescents with ADHD, highlighting the need for education and enforcement of regulations against texting for this age group.
本研究将有关注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）相关驾驶障碍的文献扩展到新获得驾照的青少年群体。
研究青少年、ADHD 和分心驾驶（手机通话和短信）对驾驶表现的综合风险。
设计、地点和参与者：16 至 17 岁的青少年患有（n=28）和不患有（n=33）ADHD，在 3 种情况下（无干扰、手机通话和发短信）进行模拟驾驶。在每种情况下，都会引入一个意外事件（例如，另一辆车突然并入驾驶员车道）。
开车时进行手机通话、发短信和无干扰。
驾驶史、平均速度、速度标准差、横向位置标准差和驾驶模拟时的制动反应时间的自我报告。
ADHD 青少年报告的驾驶经验月数少于对照组，且违规驾驶的比例高于对照组。在控制驾驶经验月数后，ADHD 青少年的速度和车道位置变化比对照组更大。制动反应时间没有组间差异。此外，发短信会对所有参与者的驾驶表现产生负面影响，表现为速度和车道位置的变化增加。
据我们所知，这项研究是首次调查 ADHD 青少年的分心驾驶行为之一，并为越来越多的文献增加了证据，证明 ADHD 个体存在负面驾驶结果的风险增加。此外，发短信会严重影响所有青少年的驾驶表现，并增加 ADHD 青少年现有的驾驶相关障碍，突出了针对该年龄段教育和执行禁止发短信的法规的必要性。
