Ginsburg Kenneth R, Durbin Dennis R, García-España J Felipe, Kalicka Ewa A, Winston Flaura K
Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Pediatrics. 2009 Oct;124(4):1040-51. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3037.
The goal was to explore the association between parenting style and driving behaviors.
The 2006 National Young Driver Survey gathered data on driving safety behaviors from a nationally representative sample of 5665 ninth-, 10th-, and 11th-graders. A parenting style variable was based on adolescent reports and separated parents into 4 groups, (1) authoritative (high support and high rules/monitoring), (2) authoritarian (low support and high rules/monitoring), (3) permissive (high support and low rules/monitoring), and (4) uninvolved (low support and low rules/monitoring). Associations between parenting style and driving behaviors and attitudes were assessed.
One half of parents were described as authoritative, 23% as permissive, 8% as authoritarian, and 19% as uninvolved. Compared with teens with uninvolved parents, those with authoritative parents reported one half the crash risk in the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.87]), were 71% less likely to drive when intoxicated (OR: 0.29 [95% CI: 0.19-0.44]), and were less likely to use a cellular telephone while driving (OR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.50-0.99]). Teens with authoritative or authoritarian parents reported using seat belts nearly twice as often (authoritative: OR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.49 -2.54]; authoritarian: OR: 1.85 [95% CI: 1.08 -3.18]) and speeding one half as often (authoritative: OR: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.36-0.61]; authoritarian: OR: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.40-0.99]) as teens with uninvolved parents. No significant differences in crash risk or seat belt use were found between permissive and uninvolved parents.
Clinicians should encourage parents to set rules and to monitor teens' driving behaviors, in a supportive context.
本研究旨在探讨养育方式与驾驶行为之间的关联。
2006年全国青年驾驶员调查从全国范围内具有代表性的5665名九年级、十年级和十一年级学生样本中收集了驾驶安全行为数据。养育方式变量基于青少年的报告，将父母分为4组：（1）权威型（高支持且高规则/监督），（2）专制型（低支持且高规则/监督），（3）放任型（高支持且低规则/监督），以及（4）忽视型（低支持且低规则/监督）。评估养育方式与驾驶行为及态度之间的关联。
一半的父母被描述为权威型，23%为放任型，8%为专制型，19%为忽视型。与父母为忽视型的青少年相比，父母为权威型的青少年报告称在过去一年中发生车祸的风险降低了一半（优势比[OR]：0.47[95%置信区间[CI]：0.26 - 0.87]），醉酒驾驶的可能性降低了71%（OR：0.29[95% CI：0.19 - 0.44]），且开车时使用手机的可能性更小（OR：0.71[95% CI：0.50 - 0.99]）。父母为权威型或专制型的青少年报告称使用安全带的频率几乎是父母为忽视型青少年的两倍（权威型：OR：1.94[95% CI：1.49 - 2.54]；专制型：OR：1.85[95% CI：1.08 - 3.18]），超速行驶的频率则是父母为忽视型青少年的一半（权威型：OR：0.47[95% CI：0.36 - 0.61]；专制型：OR：0.63[95% CI：0.40 - 0.99]）。放任型父母与忽视型父母在车祸风险或安全带使用方面未发现显著差异。
临床医生应鼓励父母在给予支持的情况下制定规则并监督青少年的驾驶行为。
