Laird Robert D, Criss Michael M, Pettit Gregory S, Bates John E, Dodge Kenneth A
University of New Orleans, Louisiana.
J Early Adolesc. 2009 Apr;29(2):258-284. doi: 10.1177/0272431608320123.
Groups of adolescents were identified on the basis of developmental trajectories of their families' rules and their parents' knowledge of their activities. Characteristics of the adolescent, peer antisociality, and family context were tested as antecedents. In sum, 404 parent-adolescent dyads provided data for adolescents aged 10-16. Most adolescents were classified into groups characterized by low levels and reductions in family rules over time. However, low socioeconomic status and residence in unsafe neighborhoods increased membership in the group characterized by consistently high levels of family rules. Most adolescents were assigned membership in groups characterized by relatively stable moderate-to-high levels of parental knowledge of their activities. However, greater externalizing problems and peer antisociality, as well as residence in an unsafe neighborhood, increased membership in the group characterized by low and decreasing levels of knowledge. Results suggest that personal and contextual risk antecedes nonnormative decreases in parental knowledge, whereas contextual risk inhibits normative reductions in family rules.
根据青少年家庭规则的发展轨迹及其父母对他们活动的了解程度，对青少年群体进行了识别。对青少年的特征、同伴反社会行为和家庭环境进行了先行因素测试。总之，404对亲子二元组为10至16岁的青少年提供了数据。大多数青少年被归类为随着时间推移家庭规则水平较低且有所减少的群体。然而，社会经济地位低以及居住在不安全社区会增加在家庭规则始终保持高水平的群体中的成员比例。大多数青少年被分配到父母对其活动的了解程度相对稳定地处于中等至高水平的群体中。然而，更多的外化问题和同伴反社会行为，以及居住在不安全社区，会增加在父母了解程度低且不断下降的群体中的成员比例。结果表明，个人和环境风险先于父母了解程度的非规范性下降，而环境风险会抑制家庭规则的规范性减少。
