State Clinic St. Poelten, Department of Internal Medicine 2, St. Poelten, Austria.
Med Hypotheses. 2013 Oct;81(4):582-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
A number of studies, including new data summarized here, conclude that breast feeding duration is lower in smoking mothers. Although some have suggested that this merely reflects poor health motivation in those prone to smoke, several lines of evidence support the view that chronic smoking does indeed compromise breast feeding by suppressing prolactin secretion and thereby lowering breast milk volume. Moreover, a recent clinical trial shows that an effective smoking cessation program can boost breast feeding duration in smokers. An analysis of pertinent rodents studies suggests that chronic nicotine administration boosts dopaminergic activity in the tuberoinfundibular tract which functions to inhibit prolactin release; this increase in dopaminergic activity, in turn, may reflect a nicotine-mediated suppression of hypothalamic opioid activity.
一些研究，包括这里总结的新数据，得出结论，母乳喂养的持续时间在吸烟母亲中较低。尽管有人认为这仅仅反映了那些倾向于吸烟的人健康动机较差，但有几条证据支持这样一种观点，即慢性吸烟确实通过抑制催乳素分泌从而降低母乳量而损害母乳喂养。此外，最近的一项临床试验表明，有效的戒烟计划可以提高吸烟者的母乳喂养持续时间。对相关啮齿动物研究的分析表明，慢性尼古丁给药会增加催乳素释放的结节漏斗束中的多巴胺能活性; 这种多巴胺能活性的增加反过来可能反映了尼古丁对下丘脑阿片活动的抑制。
