Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 Jan;40(1):12-24. doi: 10.1037/a0033698. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
According to the retrieved context theory of episodic memory, the cue for recall of an item is a weighted sum of recently activated cognitive states, including previously recalled and studied items as well as their associations. We show that this theory predicts there should be compound cuing in free recall. Specifically, the temporal contiguity effect should be greater when the 2 most recently recalled items were studied in contiguous list positions. A meta-analysis of published free recall experiments demonstrates evidence for compound cuing in both conditional response probabilities and interresponse times. To help rule out a rehearsal-based account of these compound cuing effects, we conducted an experiment with immediate, delayed, and continual-distractor free recall conditions. Consistent with retrieved context theory but not with a rehearsal-based account, compound cuing was present in all conditions, and was not significantly influenced by the presence of interitem distractors.
根据情景记忆的提取语境理论，回忆项目的线索是最近激活的认知状态的加权和，包括之前被回忆和学习过的项目及其关联。我们表明，该理论预测在自由回忆中应该存在复合提示。具体来说，当最近回忆的两个项目在连续的列表位置上被学习时，时间连续性效应应该更大。对已发表的自由回忆实验的元分析证明了条件反应概率和反应间时间中复合提示的证据。为了帮助排除基于复述的这些复合提示效应的解释，我们进行了一项实验，其中包括即时、延迟和持续分心的自由回忆条件。与提取语境理论一致，但与基于复述的解释不一致，复合提示在所有条件下都存在，并且不受项目间干扰的存在的显著影响。
