Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England CB23EB.
Psychol Rev. 2010 Jan;117(1):93-133. doi: 10.1037/a0017839.
The scenario for free recall set out in Laming (2009) is developed to provide models for the serial position curves from 5 selected sets of data, for final free recall, and for multitrial free recall. The 5 sets of data reflect the effects of rate of presentation, length of list, delay of recall, and suppression of rehearsal. Each model accommodates the serial position curve for first recalls (where those data are available) as well as that for total recalls. Both curves are fit with the same parameter values, as also (with 1 exception) are all of the conditions compared within each experiment. The distributions of numbers of recalls are also examined and shown to have variances increased above what would be expected if successive recalls were independent. This is taken to signify that, in those experiments in which rehearsals were not recorded, the retrieval of words for possible recall follows the same pattern that is observed following overt rehearsal, namely, that retrieval consists of runs of consecutive elements from memory. Finally, 2 sets of data are examined that the present approach cannot accommodate. It is argued that the problem with these data derives from an interaction between the patterns of (covert) rehearsal and the parameters of list presentation.
莱明（2009）提出的自由回忆情境旨在为 5 组选定数据的系列位置曲线、最终的自由回忆和多次自由回忆提供模型。这 5 组数据反映了呈现速度、列表长度、回忆延迟和抑制复述的影响。每个模型都适应第一次回忆的序列位置曲线（如果有这些数据），以及总回忆的序列位置曲线。两条曲线都使用相同的参数值进行拟合，而且每个实验中所有条件的比较也都是如此。还检查了回忆次数的分布情况，并发现其方差高于如果连续回忆是独立的情况下所预期的方差。这表明，在那些没有记录复述的实验中，为可能的回忆而检索单词遵循与在明显复述之后观察到的相同模式，即检索由记忆中连续元素的连续运行组成。最后，检查了本方法无法适应的两组数据。有人认为，这些数据的问题源于（隐蔽）复述模式和列表呈现参数之间的相互作用。
