The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Infect Genet Evol. 2013 Dec;20:54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.029. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are a major cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young animals worldwide. RVAs have also been detected in several wild and zoo animals, indicating wide susceptibility of wild animals. However, the role of wild animals in the infection cycle of RVAs is unclear. Wild boars are indigenous in many countries in the world. Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) have been migrating close to human habitats in Japan, indicating the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. We investigated infection of RVAs in wild boars in Japan to identify types of RVAs infecting wild animals. We obtained stool samples from 90 wild boars and detected a VP4 gene of RVAs by RT-semi-nested PCR. RVAs were detected in samples from four of the 90 wild boars. Nucleotide analyses of VP7 and VP4 genes revealed that the four strains belong to G9P[23], G4P[23], G9P[13] and G4P[6], suggesting a relation to porcine and human RVAs. We therefore characterized RVAs circulating among domestic pigs living in the same area as the wild boars. We collected stool samples from 82 domestic pigs. RVAs were detected in samples from 49 of the 82 domestic pigs. Phylogenetic and similarity analyses provided evidence for natural transmission between domestic pigs and wild boars. The results also suggested that natural reassortment events occurred before or after transmission between domestic pigs and wild boars. Our findings indicate the possibility that RVAs circulate among wild animals, humans and domestic animals in nature.
A 组轮状病毒（RVAs）是全世界导致婴幼儿和幼小动物急性脱水性腹泻的主要原因。RVAs 也已在一些野生动物和动物园动物中被检测到，表明野生动物普遍易感。然而，野生动物在 RVAs 感染循环中的作用尚不清楚。野猪分布于世界上许多国家。日本野猪（Sus scrofa leucomystax）已向日本人类栖息地迁徙，表明家畜或人类与野猪之间存在自然传播的可能性。我们调查了日本野猪中 RVAs 的感染情况，以确定感染野生动物的 RVAs 类型。我们从 90 只野猪中获得粪便样本，并通过 RT-半巢式 PCR 检测 RVAs 的 VP4 基因。在 90 只野猪的样本中检测到了 4 只 RVAs。VP7 和 VP4 基因的核苷酸分析表明，这 4 株属于 G9P[23]、G4P[23]、G9P[13]和 G4P[6]，提示与猪和人 RVAs 有关。因此，我们对生活在同一地区的野猪中循环的 RVAs 进行了特征描述。我们收集了 82 只家猪的粪便样本。在 82 只家猪的样本中检测到了 49 只 RVAs。系统发育和相似性分析为家猪和野猪之间的自然传播提供了证据。结果还表明，自然重配事件发生在家猪和野猪之间的传播之前或之后。我们的研究结果表明，RVAs 可能在野生动物、人类和家畜之间自然循环。
