da Costa Filipe Ferreira, Schmoelz Camilie Pacheco, Davies Vanessa Fernandes, Di Pietro Patrícia Faria, Kupek Emil, de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg
Graduate Course in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2013 Aug 19;2(2):e31. doi: 10.2196/resprot.2646.
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been used with increasing frequency for the assessment of diet and physical activity in health surveys. A number of Web-based questionnaires have been developed for children and adolescents. However, their usability characteristics have scarcely been reported, despite their potential importance for improving the feasibility and validity of ICT-based methods.
The objective of this study was to describe the usability evaluation of the Consumo Alimentar e Atividade Física de Escolares (CAAFE) questionnaire (Food Consumption and Physical Activity Questionnaire for schoolchildren), a new Web-based survey tool for the self-assessment of diet and physical activity by schoolchildren.
A total of 114 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years took part in questionnaire usability testing carried out in computer classrooms at five elementary schools in the city of Florianopolis, Brazil. Schoolchildren used a personal computer (PC) equipped with software for recording what is on the computer screen and the children's speech during usability testing. Quantitative and qualitative analyses took into account objective usability metrics such as error counts and time to complete a task. Data on the main difficulties in accomplishing the task and the level of satisfaction expressed by the children were assessed by the observers using a standardized form and interviews with the children. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to summarize both the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of the data obtained.
The mean time for completing the questionnaire was 13.7 minutes (SD 3.68). Compared to the children in 2nd or 3rd grades, those in 4th or 5th grades spent less time completing the questionnaire (median 12.4 vs 13.3 minutes, P=.022), asked for help less frequently (median 0 vs 1.0 count, P=.005), had a lower error count (median 2.0 vs 8.0 count, P<.001), and obtained a higher overall performance score (median 73.0 vs 68.0, P=.005). Children with a PC at home spent less time completing the questionnaire (median 12.3 vs 14.9 minutes, P<.001), had a lower overall error count (median 2.0 vs 9.0 count, P=.03), and had a higher performance score (median 72.0 vs 64.0, P=.005) compared to the children without a PC at home. The most common difficulty in completing the questionnaire was in using the scroll bar. The majority of children reported a positive evaluation (liked a lot or liked) for the four design elements, which were evaluated.
The results of the present study provided feedback to improve the final version of the CAAFE questionnaire. Quantitative data showed minor errors and system failures, while qualitative data indicated that, overall, the children enjoyed the CAAFE questionnaire. Grade levels and PC use must be taken into account in Web-based tools designed for children.
在健康调查中，信息通信技术（ICT）越来越频繁地用于评估饮食和身体活动。已经为儿童和青少年开发了一些基于网络的问卷。然而，尽管它们对于提高基于ICT方法的可行性和有效性具有潜在的重要性，但其可用性特征却鲜有报道。
本研究的目的是描述学龄儿童饮食和身体活动自我评估新的基于网络的调查工具——学龄儿童饮食与身体活动问卷（CAAFE问卷）的可用性评估。
共有114名6至12岁的学龄儿童参与了在巴西弗洛里亚诺波利斯市五所小学的计算机教室中进行的问卷可用性测试。在可用性测试期间，学龄儿童使用配备有用于记录计算机屏幕内容和儿童语音软件的个人计算机（PC）。定量和定性分析考虑了诸如错误计数和完成任务时间等客观可用性指标。观察者使用标准化表格并通过与儿童访谈来评估完成任务的主要困难以及儿童表达的满意度数据。使用描述性统计和内容分析来总结所获得数据的定量和定性方面。
完成问卷的平均时间为13.7分钟（标准差3.68）。与二、三年级的儿童相比，四、五年级的儿童完成问卷花费的时间更少（中位数12.4对13.3分钟，P = 0.022），求助频率更低（中位数0对1.0次，P = 0.005），错误计数更低（中位数2.0对8.0次，P < 0.001），并且获得更高的总体表现分数（中位数73.0对68.0，P = 0.005）。与家中没有PC的儿童相比，家中有PC的儿童完成问卷花费的时间更少（中位数12.3对14.9分钟，P < 0.001），总体错误计数更低（中位数2.0对9.0次，P = 0.03），并且表现分数更高（中位数72.0对64.0，P = 0.005）。完成问卷最常见的困难是使用滚动条。大多数儿童对所评估的四个设计元素给予了积极评价（非常喜欢或喜欢）。
本研究结果为改进CAAFE问卷的最终版本提供了反馈。定量数据显示了一些小错误和系统故障，而定性数据表明，总体而言，儿童喜欢CAAFE问卷。在为儿童设计的基于网络的工具中必须考虑年级水平和PC使用情况。
