Anniballi Fabrizio, Fiore Alfonsina, Löfström Charlotta, Skarin Hanna, Auricchio Bruna, Woudstra Cédric, Bano Luca, Segerman Bo, Koene Miriam, Båverud Viveca, Hansen Trine, Fach Patrick, Tevell Aberg Annica, Hedeland Mikael, Olsson Engvall Eva, De Medici Dario
Fabrizio Anniballi, CLT, is a Laboratory Technician; Alfonsina Fiore, PhD, is a Researcher; Bruna Auricchio, CLT, is a Laboratory Technician; and Dario De Medici, PhD, is Senior Researcher, all at Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy. Charlotta Löfström, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, and Trine Hansen, MSc, is a PhD student, both at the National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søborg, Denmark. Hanna Skarin, MSc, is a Research Assistant; Bo Segerman, PhD, is is a Researcher; Viveca Båverud, PhD, is Associate Professor; Eva Olsson Engvall, PhD, is Associate Professor; all in the Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden. Cédric Woudstra, MSc, is an Engineer, and Patrick Fach, PhD, is Head of the High Throughput qPCR Platform IdentyPath, both at the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Food Safety Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Luca Bano, PhD, is Veterinary Officer, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Treviso, Treviso, Italy. Miriam Koene, DVM, is a Scientist, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre (CVI) , Lelystad, the Netherlands. Annica Tevell Åberg, PhD, is a Senior Researcher, and Mikael Hedeland, PhD, is Associate Professor and Deputy Head of the Department, Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden .
Biosecur Bioterror. 2013 Sep;11 Suppl 1:S191-9. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0089.
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals.
肉毒中毒是一种严重的神经麻痹性疾病，可影响人类、所有温血动物和一些鱼类。该疾病是由于接触肉毒杆菌及其他产生肉毒杆菌毒素的梭菌所产生的毒素引起的。动物肉毒中毒因其高死亡率而成为严重的环境和经济问题。此外，来自患病动物的肉类或其他产品进入食物链可能会导致公共卫生问题。为此，早期诊断对于确定和应用适当的兽医公共卫生措施至关重要。临床诊断基于排除其他神经肌肉疾病病因的临床发现以及死后检查中未观察到内部病变。由于仅靠临床症状往往不足以做出明确诊断，因此需要实验室确诊。给患病动物使用肉毒抗毒素和支持性疗法进行治疗。一旦做出诊断，通常建议实施安乐死。疫苗接种需经卫生当局许可，且仅限于少数动物种类。可以采取多种措施预防或尽量减少疫情爆发。在本文中，我们概述了发生在野生水鸟、家禽、牛、马和毛皮养殖动物身上的动物肉毒中毒疫情的各个管理阶段。
