Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, England.
J Cogn Neurosci. 1990 Spring;2(2):69-80. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1990.2.2.69.
People with profound memory deficits can acquire new motor skills, even though on each day of training they may be unaware of having seen the training apparatus before. Similarly, rabbits can acquire or retain a conditioned nictitating membrane response despite massive lesions of the hippocampus or the cerebral cortex. Both lines of evidence suggest that sub-cortical structures may be sufficient for many forms of motor learning. One possible locus for motor learning is the cerebellum. This article traces the history of our knowledge of structure and function of the cerebellum. The anatomical and physiological evidence demonstrates that the cerebellum has the neural connections necessary to mediate simple forms of motor learning or reflex plasticity. Behavioral studies demonstrate that the cerebellum is involved in modification of the vestibuloocular reflex, recalibration of saccadic eye movements, and acquisition of the conditioned nictitating membrane response. Although the evidence in all three instances suggests that the cerebellum is important, there is no agreement as to whether the cerebellum is always necessary for motor learning or how it might participate. Two views are presented: one supporting the idea of the cerebellum as the locus for motor learning and the other opposing this idea. Some evidence that might resolve these disagreements is discussed.
记忆严重受损的人可以获得新的运动技能，即使在每天的训练中，他们可能都没有意识到之前见过训练设备。同样，兔子即使海马体或大脑皮层受到严重损伤，也可以获得或保留眨眼条件反射。这两方面的证据都表明，皮质下结构可能足以进行许多形式的运动学习。运动学习的一个可能部位是小脑。本文追溯了我们对小脑结构和功能的认识历史。解剖学和生理学证据表明，小脑具有介导简单形式的运动学习或反射可塑性的必要神经连接。行为研究表明，小脑参与前庭眼反射的修正、眼跳运动的重新校准以及眨眼条件反射的获得。尽管所有这三个实例中的证据都表明小脑很重要，但对于小脑是否总是对于运动学习是必要的，或者它如何参与其中，还没有达成共识。本文提出了两种观点：一种支持小脑作为运动学习的部位的观点，另一种则反对这个观点。本文还讨论了一些可能解决这些分歧的证据。
