Centre for Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Dubrava University Hospital, University of Zagreb, Av. Gojka Suska 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Oct 28;150(1):148-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.015. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Substantial pre-clinical and some clinical data are available showing that Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) varieties or its particular ginsenosides exert a vasodilatating effect, thus may modulate vascular function. However, the clinical evidence for American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is scarce. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of American ginseng (AG) on arterial stiffness, as measured by augmentation index (AI), and blood pressure (BP), in type 2 diabetes patients with concomitant hypertension.
Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, each participant was randomized to either the selected AG extract or placebo at daily dose of 3g for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual antihypertensive and anti-diabetic therapy (diet and/or medications). AI and BP were measured by applanation tonometry at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.
A total of 64 individuals with well-controlled essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes (gender: 22 M:42 F, age:63 ± 9.3 years, BP: 145 ± 10.8/84 ± 8.0 mmHg, HbA1c: 7.0 ± 1.3%, fasting blood glucose (FBG): 8.1 ± 2.3 mmol/L) completed the study. Compared to placebo, 3g of AG significantly lowered radial AI by 5.3% (P=0.041) and systolic BP by 11.7% (P<0.001) at 12 weeks. No effect was observed with diastolic BP.
Addition of AG extract to conventional therapy in diabetes with concomitant hypertension improved arterial stiffness and attenuated systolic BP, thus warrants further investigation on long-term endothelial parameters before recommended as an adjunct treatment.
有大量的临床前和一些临床数据表明，亚洲人参（Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer）品种或其特定的人参皂苷具有血管扩张作用，因此可能调节血管功能。然而，关于西洋参（Panax quinquefolius L.）的临床证据很少。因此，本研究评估了西洋参（AG）对 2 型糖尿病合并高血压患者动脉僵硬（以增强指数（AI）衡量）和血压（BP）的影响。
采用双盲、安慰剂对照、平行设计，每位参与者随机分为选定的 AG 提取物或安慰剂组，每天剂量为 3g，持续 12 周，作为其常规抗高血压和抗糖尿病治疗（饮食和/或药物）的辅助治疗。在基线和治疗 12 周后，通过平板张力法测量 AI 和 BP。
共有 64 名血压控制良好的原发性高血压和 2 型糖尿病患者（性别：22 名男性：42 名女性，年龄：63 ± 9.3 岁，BP：145 ± 10.8/84 ± 8.0mmHg，HbA1c：7.0 ± 1.3%，空腹血糖（FBG）：8.1 ± 2.3mmol/L）完成了这项研究。与安慰剂相比，AG 3g 在 12 周时显著降低了桡动脉 AI 5.3%（P=0.041）和收缩压 11.7%（P<0.001）。舒张压无变化。
在糖尿病合并高血压的常规治疗中加入 AG 提取物可改善动脉僵硬并减轻收缩压，因此需要进一步研究长期内皮参数，然后再推荐作为辅助治疗。
