School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Sep 15;9(9):939-44. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2998.
To establish the extent to which the developmental changes in sleep timing experienced by Australian adolescents meet the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) diagnostic criteria for delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), and whether adolescents with DSPD engage in poorer lifestyle choices, and are more impaired compared to good sleeping adolescents.
Three-hundred seventy-four Australian adolescents (mean age 15.6 years, SD 1.0) participants completed a 7-day sleep diary, wore wrist actigraphy, and completed a battery of questionnaires to assess DSPD criteria.
The ICSD-2 criteria for DSPD were met by 1.1% (N = 4) of the adolescents sampled. The majority of adolescents (51.9%, N = 194) met one criterion, 14% (N = 52) of the adolescents met 2 criteria, while 33.2% (N = 124) did not fulfill any DSPD criteria. Despite having significantly delayed sleep timing, adolescents who met all criteria for DSPD reported similar lifestyle habits and daytime functioning. However, there were trends for greater alcohol and caffeine consumption, less sport participation, yet more time spent on extracurricular activities (i.e., learning to play a musical instruments for adolescents with DSPD.
Despite the majority of adolescents reporting DSPD symptoms, only a small minority met full diagnostic criteria. Adolescents with DSPD reported similar lifestyle habits and daytime functioning to those with some or no symptoms. Future investigations of non-school-attending DSPD adolescents are needed to confirm the trends for lifestyle behaviors found in the present study.
确定澳大利亚青少年经历的睡眠时间变化在多大程度上符合睡眠相位延迟障碍（DSPD）的国际睡眠障碍分类（ICSD-2）诊断标准，以及是否患有 DSPD 的青少年会选择更差的生活方式，并且与睡眠良好的青少年相比，他们的障碍更多。
374 名澳大利亚青少年（平均年龄 15.6 岁，标准差 1.0）参与者完成了 7 天的睡眠日记，佩戴腕部活动记录仪，并完成了一系列问卷来评估 DSPD 标准。
1.1%（N=4）的被抽样青少年符合 ICSD-2 标准的 DSPD 标准。大多数青少年（51.9%，N=194）符合一项标准，14%（N=52）的青少年符合两项标准，而 33.2%（N=124）不符合任何 DSPD 标准。尽管睡眠时间明显延迟，但符合所有 DSPD 标准的青少年报告了类似的生活习惯和白天的功能。然而，有趋势表明，他们摄入更多的酒精和咖啡因，更少参加体育运动，但在课外活动上花费更多时间（例如，学习演奏乐器对于患有 DSPD 的青少年而言。
尽管大多数青少年报告有 DSPD 症状，但只有少数人符合完整的诊断标准。患有 DSPD 的青少年报告的生活习惯和白天的功能与有或没有症状的青少年相似。未来需要对非上学的 DSPD 青少年进行调查，以确认本研究中发现的生活方式行为趋势。
